316L Powder
$0.00
316L Powder
| Product | 316L Powder |
| CAS No. | 12597-68-1 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo |
| Density | 7.99g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 55.22g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-349/25 |
316L Description:
316L Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
316L Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
Best Stainless Steel 316L Powder for 3D Printing
Stainless steel 316L powder is a versatile and widely used material in various industries. Its unique properties make it suitable for applications ranging from 3D printing to biomedical implants. In this article, we will explore the characteristics, uses, manufacturing process, and advantages of stainless steel 316L powder.
Overview of Stainless Steel 316L Powder
316L stainless steel belongs to the austenitic class of stainless steels. The addition of 2-3% molybdenum along with nickel and chromium imparts excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in harsh environments. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon content to avoid carbide precipitation during welding.
Key characteristics of 316L powder include:
Excellent corrosion resistance in harsh environments
High oxidation and sulfidation resistance at elevated temperatures
Very good weldability and formability
Non-magnetic austenitic structure
Available in range of particle size distributions
316L powder is suitable for applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance like chemical processing, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, marine equipment and biomedical implants. This article provides a detailed overview of 316L powder.
Chemical Composition of 316L Powder
| Element | Weight % |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16-18% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10-14% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2-3% |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2% |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1% |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.03% |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045% |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03% |
| Property | Value |
| Density | 7.9-8.1 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1370-1400°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/mK |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.75 μΩ.cm |
| Young’s Modulus | 190-210 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.27-0.30 |
| Tensile Strength | 485-620 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 170-310 MPa |
| Elongation | 40-50% |
| Hardness | 79-95 HRB |
316L offers excellent corrosion resistance combined with good formability and weldability. The austenitic structure provides good toughness and ductility.
Production Method for 316L Powder
Common production methods for 316L powder include:
Gas Atomization – Inert gas jets disintegrate molten 316L alloy stream into fine spherical powders with controlled size distribution.
Water Atomization – High pressure water jet impacts and disintegrates molten metal to produce fine irregular powder particles.
Mechanical Alloying – Ball milling of blended elemental powders followed by sintering and secondary atomization.
Gas atomization allows excellent control over particle characteristics like size, shape, oxygen pickup and microstructure.
Typical applications of 316L powder include:
Additive Manufacturing – Powder bed fusion, binder jetting processes use 316L powder for chemical, marine, biomedical parts.
Metal Injection Molding – To manufacture small, complex components needing corrosion resistance.
Thermal Spray Coatings – Wire arc spray deposition to produce protective coatings in harsh environments.
Welding Consumables – Used as filler material for joining 316L components providing excellent weld strength.
Chemical Processing – Powder metallurgy vessels, trays, baskets used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Specifications of 316L Powder
316L powder is available under different size ranges, shapes and purity levels:
Particle Size: From 10-45 μm for AM methods, up to 150 μm for thermal spray processes.
Morphology:Â Spherical, irregular and blended particle shapes. Smooth spherical powder provides optimal flow.
Purity:Â From commercial to high purity (99.9%) tailored to application requirements.
Oxygen Content:Â Levels maintained at 100-1000 ppm for most applications.
Flow Rate:Â Powder customized for flow rates above 25 s/50 g.
Storage and Handling of 316L Powder
316L powder should be handled with care to:
Prevent contact with moisture, acids etc. leading to corrosion
Avoid fine powder accumulation to minimize risk of dust explosions
Use proper ventilation, PPE when handling fine powders
Follow recommended practices from supplier SDS
Store sealed containers in a dry, inert atmosphere
Proper protective measures must be taken when handling reactive alloy powders like 316L.
Inspection and Testing of 316L Powder
Key quality control tests performed on 316L powder:
Chemical analysis using OES or XRF to ensure composition is within specified limits
Particle size distribution as per ASTM B822 standard
Morphology analysis through SEM imaging
Powder flow rate measured as per ASTM B213 standard
Density determination by helium pycnometry
Impurity testing by ICP-MS
Microstructure characterization by X-ray diffraction
Thorough testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical, physical and microstructural characteristics for the intended application.
Comparison Between 316L and 304L Stainless Steel Powders
316L and 304L stainless steel powders compared:
| Parameter | 316L | 304L |
| Composition | Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo | Fe-Cr-Ni |
| Corrosion resistance | Much better | Good |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
| Temperature resistance | Better | Good |
| Weldability | Excellent | Excellent |
| Availability | Moderate | Excellent |
| Applications | Marine, chemical industry | Consumer products, appliances |
316L offers substantially better corrosion resistance whereas 304L is more economical for less demanding applications.
316L Powder FAQs
Q: How is 316L stainless steel powder produced?
A: 316L powder is commercially produced using gas atomization, water atomization and mechanical alloying followed by sintering. Gas atomization offers the best control of powder characteristics.
Q: What are the main applications of 316L powder?
A: Key applications for 316L powder include additive manufacturing, metal injection molding, thermal spray coatings, and powder metallurgy parts for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical and food industries needing excellent corrosion resistance.
Q: What is the recommended 316L powder size for binder jetting AM?
A: For binder jetting process, the typical 316L powder size range is 20-45 microns with spherical morphology for optimal powder bed density and binder infiltration.
Q: Does 316L powder require special handling precautions?
A: Yes, 316L is a reactive alloy powder and should be handled carefully under controlled humidity and inert atmosphere using proper grounding, ventilation and PPE.
Q: Where can I buy 316L powder suitable for biomedical implants?
A: High purity, gas atomized 316L powder meeting biomedical specifications can be purchased from leading manufacturer.
Description
Note: For pricing & ordering information, please get in touch with us at sales@nanochemazone.com
Please contact us for quotes on Larger Quantities and customization. E-mail: contact@nanochemazone.com
Customization:
If you are planning to order large quantities for your industrial and academic needs, please note that customization of parameters (such as size, length, purity, functionalities, etc.) is available upon request.
NOTE:
Images, pictures, colors, particle sizes, purity, packing, descriptions, and specifications for the real and actual goods may differ. These are only used on the website for the purposes of reference, advertising, and portrayal. Please contact us via email at sales@nanochemazone.com or by phone at (+1 780 612 4177) if you have anyÂ
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Related products
304 Powder
304 Powder
| Product | 304 Powder |
| CAS No. | 65997-19-5 |
| Appearance | Silver-Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | FeCr18Ni10 |
| Density | 7.9g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-356/25 |
304 Description:
304 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
304 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
Stainless steel 304 Powder for 3D Printing
304 powder is a form of stainless steel powder that is widely used in various industries due to its exceptional properties. It is composed of iron, chromium, and nickel, which give it excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and good formability. The powder form allows for easy processing and customization according to specific requirements.
Introduction To 304 Powder
304 powder is a form of stainless steel powder that is widely used in various industries due to its exceptional properties. It is composed of iron, chromium, and nickel, which give it excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and good formability. The powder form allows for easy processing and customization according to specific requirements.
Composition And Properties
304 powder primarily consists of iron, with approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel. These alloying elements contribute to its corrosion resistance and durability. Additionally, it contains small amounts of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. The combination of these elements results in a material with remarkable mechanical and chemical properties.
Some key properties of 304 powder include:
Corrosion resistance: 304 powder exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion from a wide range of substances, including water, acids, and alkalis.
Strength and durability: It has high tensile strength, making it suitable for applications that require robust and long-lasting components.
Formability: 304 powder can be easily formed into different shapes, allowing for versatility in manufacturing processes.
Heat resistance: It maintains its strength and structural integrity even at elevated temperatures.
Hygienic properties: Due to its non-porous surface, it is easy to clean and maintain sanitary conditions in applications such as food processing.
Industrial Applications
304 powder finds extensive use in various industries. Let’s explore some of its prominent applications:
Automotive Industry
In the automotive sector, 304 powder is utilized in the manufacturing of exhaust systems, mufflers, and other components exposed to corrosive gases and liquids. Its resistance to oxidation and high-temperature environments makes it an ideal choice for these applications, ensuring longevity and reliability.
Food Processing
The food processing industry demands materials that meet stringent hygiene and corrosion resistance requirements. 304 powder is widely employed in food processing equipment, such as tanks, pipes, and fittings. Its smooth surface and resistance to food acids and chemicals make it a preferred choice, ensuring the integrity and safety of food products.
Chemical Industry
304 powder is extensively used in the chemical industry due to its resistance to various corrosive substances. It is employed in the construction of reactors, storage tanks, and pipelines for handling chemicals and acids. The material’s ability to withstand corrosive environments and retain its structural integrity contributes to safe and efficient chemical processes.
Architecture And Construction
In architecture and construction, 304 powder finds applications in the fabrication of structural components, handrails, and decorative elements. Its aesthetic appeal, combined with corrosion resistance, makes it an excellent choice for both interior and exterior applications. Moreover, its formability allows for intricate designs and customization according to architectural requirements.
Aerospace Sector
The aerospace industry requires materials that can withstand extreme conditions, including high temperatures, vibrations, and corrosive environments. 304 powder is utilized in aircraft components, such as exhaust systems, brackets, and fasteners, due to its excellent combination of strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. It plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and reliability of aerospace systems.
Advantages Of Using 304 Powder
304 powder offers several advantages over other materials, making it a preferred choice in many industrial applications. Some notable benefits include:
Corrosion resistance: The high chromium and nickel content provide exceptional resistance to corrosion, ensuring durability and longevity.
Cost-effectiveness: 304 powder offers a cost-effective solution for various applications due to its availability and wide range of uses.
Versatility: Its formability allows for customization and adaptability to different manufacturing processes and design requirements.
Hygienic properties: The non-porous surface of 304 powder makes it easy to clean and maintain in industries with strict hygiene standards.
Recyclability: Stainless steel, including 304 powder, is highly recyclable, contributing to environmental sustainability.
Challenges And Limitations
While 304 powder boasts numerous advantages, it also has some limitations to consider. These include:
Moderate temperature limitations: While it exhibits good heat resistance, prolonged exposure to high temperatures may lead to a reduction in mechanical properties.
Sensitivity to certain chemicals: 304 powder may be susceptible to specific corrosive substances, such as chlorides, under certain conditions. Proper material selection is crucial in such cases.
Magnetic properties: Unlike some stainless steel alloys, 304 powder is generally magnetic, which may impact its suitability for certain applications.
Best Practices For Handling And Storage
To maximize the performance and longevity of 304 powder, it is important to follow best practices for its handling and storage. Consider the following guidelines:
Store the powder in a clean, dry, and well-ventilated area to prevent moisture and contamination.
Handle the powder with clean gloves to avoid transferring oils and other substances that may affect its properties.
Keep the powder away from strong acids, alkalis, and chloride-containing substances to minimize the risk of corrosion.
Regularly inspect the powder for any signs of damage or contamination before use.
Future Trends And Innovations
As technology advances and new industrial challenges emerge, the development of stainless steel powders like 304 powder continues. Researchers and manufacturers are exploring ways to further enhance its properties, expand its applications, and optimize its processing techniques. Future trends may include improved heat resistance, increased strength, and the development of eco-friendly manufacturing processes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is 304 powder suitable for outdoor applications?
 Yes, 304 powder is commonly used in outdoor applications due to its corrosion resistance and durability. However, prolonged exposure to harsh environments may require additional protective measures.
Can 304 powder be welded?Â
Yes, 304 powder can be welded using common welding techniques. However, it is important to follow proper welding procedures to ensure optimal results and maintain its corrosion resistance.
Can 304 powder be used for medical applications?Â
While 304 powder is not typically used for direct medical implants, it is often employed in medical equipment and devices where corrosion resistance is required, such as surgical instruments and hospital equipment.
How does 304 powder compare to other stainless steel alloys?Â
304 powder is one of the most commonly used stainless steel alloys due to its balanced combination of properties, cost-effectiveness, and availability. However, there are other alloys with specialized properties that may be more suitable for specific applications.
Is 304 powder recyclable?Â
Yes, stainless steel, including 304 powder, is highly recyclable. Recycling stainless steel helps conserve resources and reduce environmental impact.
304l Stainless Steel Powder
304l Stainless Steel Powder
| Product | 304l Stainless Steel Powder |
| CAS No. | 11143-21-4 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray or Silver Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-Cr-Ni |
| Density | 7.9g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-338/25 |
304l Stainless Steel Description:
304l Stainless Steel Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
304l Stainless Steel Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email:Â contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
304l Stainless Steel Powder
304L stainless steel powder is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel powder with low carbon content. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability, and widely used for powder metallurgy applications. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon compared to 304 standard grade. The low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation and maximizes corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgy 304L provides a cost-effective alternative to 316L for non-critical applications not needing molybdenum alloying.
Overview
304L stainless steel powder is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel powder with low carbon content. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability, and widely used for powder metallurgy applications.
The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon compared to 304 standard grade. The low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation and maximizes corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgy 304L provides a cost-effective alternative to 316L for non-critical applications not needing molybdenum alloying.
This article provides an in-depth look at 304L stainless steel powder covering composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, suppliers, costs, and other technical details.
Composition
The nominal composition of 304L stainless steel powder is listed below:
Table: Typical composition of 304L stainless steel powder
| Element | Weight % |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18-20 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8-10.5 |
| Manganese (Mn) | <2 |
| Silicon (Si) | <1 |
| Carbon (C) | <0.03 |
| Sulfur (S) | <0.03 |
| Phosphorus (P) | <0.045 |
| Nitrogen (N) | <0.1 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
Chromium and nickel are the main alloying elements. Chromium provides corrosion and oxidation resistance. Nickel enhances ductility, toughness, and weldability.
Manganese and silicon increase strength. Carbon is kept very low for optimum corrosion resistance. Sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen are impurities that are minimized.
Properties
Key properties of 304L stainless steel powder in the annealed condition are provided below:
Table: Properties of 304L stainless steel powder
| Property | Value |
| Density | 7.9-8.1 g/cm3 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | 505-620 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 205-275 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥40% |
| Hardness | ≤92 HRB |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 190-210 GPa |
| Melting Point | 1400-1450°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/m-K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.072 μΩ-cm |
The combination of properties make 304L highly useful for a wide range of applications. The austenitic microstructure provides ductility, toughness, and non-magnetic behavior. 304L has excellent corrosion resistance comparable to 316L stainless steel.
By selecting ultra-low carbon powder, carbide precipitation can be avoided to maximize corrosion resistance in critical applications. Strength and hardness can be increased through cold working.
Applications
Typical applications for 304L stainless steel powder include:
Food processing equipment
Pharmaceutical tooling
Chemical plant components
Architectural panels, railings
Medical instruments and implants
Marine hardware, fittings, fasteners
Consumer products, appliances
Powder metallurgy mechanical parts
3D printing powders
304L provides cost-effective corrosion resistance versus 316L when molybdenum alloying is not needed for highly corrosive environments. The excellent polishability and non-magnetic properties also suits 304L for architectural cladding and hardware components.
Powder metallurgy is commonly used to produce small precision parts from 304L at high volumes versus machining. Additive manufacturing utilizes 304L powder for prototypes, tooling, and end-use components across industries.
Powder Manufacturing
304L stainless steel powder is commercially manufactured via gas atomization or water atomization processes.
In gas atomization, a high pressure inert gas stream disintegrates the molten metal into fine droplets, producing spherical powders ideal for additive manufacturing and MIM. Particle size distribution is controlled through process parameters.
Water atomization uses high pressure water jets to break up the metal stream into fine particles. This generates irregular, satellite particle shapes. The powder requires post-treatment for additive manufacturing.
Plasma atomization is sometimes used to produce very spherical, clean powders from a metal plasma stream in a controlled inert atmosphere. This ensures high purity and flowability.
304L stainless steel powder is commercially available in various size ranges, morphologies, and quality levels. Some typical powder specifications are below:
Table: 304L stainless steel powder specifications
| Attribute | Details |
| Particles sizes | 15-45 μm, 10-100 μm |
| Morphology | Spherical, irregular |
| Apparent density | 2.5-4.5 g/cm3 |
| Tap density | 4-5 g/cm3 |
| Hall flow rate | <30 s/50g |
| Purity | >99.5% |
| Oxygen content | <2000 ppm |
| Moisture content | <0.2% |
Smaller particle sizes below 45 μm are preferred for capturing fine features in additive manufacturing. Spherical particles provide good flowability. Apparent density correlates with powder packing efficiency.
High purity, low oxygen, and controlled moisture levels ensure quality sintered properties. Gas atomized powder offers the best specifications for critical applications.
Standards and Grades
304L stainless steel powder complies with the following standards:
ASTM A240 – Standard for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip
ASTM A313 – Standard for stainless steel spring wire
ASTM A314 – Standard for stainless steel bent wire
AMS 5501 – Stainless steel bars, wire, forgings, tubing with low carbon
AMS 5647 – Stainless steel powder, atomized, 304L
Equivalent grades include:
UNS S30403
Werkstoff No. 1.4306
SUS 304L
SS2348
Powder Storage and Handling
To prevent contamination and maintain powder properties, 304L stainless steel powder should be stored and handled as follows:
Store in sealed containers in a cool, dry environment
Use inert gas purging or vacuum to prevent moisture pickup
Keep away from sparks, flames, and ignition sources
Ground all powder handling and transfer equipment
Avoid contact with contaminants like oil, grease, paints, etc.
Use PPE – mask, gloves, eye protection when handling powder
Powder spills should be promptly cleaned using non-sparking tools and HEPA vacuuming. Powders are moderately sensitive to moisture and air exposure. Proper storage is key.
Metal Injection Molding
304L is widely used for metal injection molding of small, complex parts leveraging powder metallurgy. Key considerations include:
Feedstock:Â 60-68% powder loading with multi-component binder system
Molding:Â High shot size, fast injection speed, high holding pressure
Debinding:Â Solvent debinding followed by thermal debinding
Sintering: 1350-1400°C in hydrogen or vacuum atmosphere
Secondary Operations:Â Machining, laser marking, passivation, electropolishing
MIM service bureaus have established best practices for high-performance 304L parts with as-sintered properties approaching wrought material.
Design for AM
For additive manufacturing using 304L stainless steel powder, key design guidelines include:
Maintain wall thicknesses above 1 mm
Use self-supporting geometries with angles above 45°
Include drain holes to remove unfused powder
Observe build orientation effects on properties
Account for 20-25% shrinkage when designing mating parts
Include machining allowances of 0.5-1 mm for critical fits
Reduce overhangs, bridges, fine details that require supports
Quality Control
Quality control testing performed on 304L stainless steel powder includes:
Chemical analysis – ICP and OES to verify composition
Particle size analysis – Laser diffraction particle size analyzer
Powder morphology – SEM imaging at high magnifications
Apparent density and tap density – Hall flowmeter method
Powder flow rate – Hall flowmeter funnel method
Loss on ignition – ASTM E sin gravity furnace
Moisture analysis – Karl Fischer titration, LECO analysis
For sintered MIM parts, testing includes:
Dimensional tolerances – CMM inspection
Density – Archimedes method
Microstructure – Optical microscopy, image analysis
Mechanical testing – Hardness, tensile, fatigue, Charpy impact
Health and Safety
Like most stainless steel powders and parts, 304L poses little health risk with proper handling:
Wear PPE when handling powder – mask, gloves, goggles
Avoid skin contact to prevent sensitization
Use HEPA-filtered vacuum for clean-up of dust and powder
Avoid breathing any welding or melting fumes
Dispose according to local environmental regulations
Ensure adequate ventilation and respiratory protection if grinding or machining sintered parts
No special disposal precautions are needed for 304L. With sound procedures, it poses minimal hazard for workers and the environment.
FAQ
1.What is the difference between 304 and 304L stainless steel powder?
304L has lower carbon content (<0.03%) than 304 (<0.08%) for better corrosion resistance,especially for welding. 304 is more common.
2.Does 304L powder require a controlled atmosphere?
Not necessarily, but storage in sealed containers with inert gas prevents oxidation and contamination.
3.What particle size is best for AM?
15-45 microns is typical for powder bed fusion AM to provide good flow and high resolution. Larger sizes from 45-100 microns are also used.
4.Is 304L used for metal 3D printing?
Yes, 304L is widely used for powder bed and directed energy deposition 3D printing to make prototypes, tooling, and end-use parts.
5.What causes powder to oxidize and lose reusability?
Exposure to air/moisture causes surface oxidation. Proper sealed storage with desiccant and oxygen absorbers prevents this.
6.Does 304L require solution annealing after laser sintering?
Yes, stress relieving at 1050-1150°C and rapid cooling helps restore ductility and toughnessafterthe rapid solidification.
7.What finish can be expected on as-sintered MIM 304L parts?
Around Ra 3-6 microns initially. Polishing and etching can achieve under 0.5 micron. Plating also gives a smooth finish.
8.What tolerance can be achieved with 304L MIM parts?±0.1-0.3% is typical but tolerances under ±0.1% are possible for high precision components.
9.Why is 304L preferred over 304 stainless steel?
The lower carbon gives 304L better corrosion resistance, especially for weldments, reducing sensitization. It has become the dominant grade.
10.What is the cost premium for 304L vs. 304 powder?
Typically 10-30% higher cost for 304L due to the lower carbon composition. Price also depends on quantities ordered.
316L Stainless Steel Powder
316LÂ Stainless Steel Powder
| Product | 316L Stainless Steel Powder |
| CAS No. | 12597-68-1 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-16-18Cr-10-14Ni-2-3-Mo |
| Density | 7.99g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-340/25 |
316LÂ Stainless Steel Description:
316L Stainless Steel Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
316L Stainless Steel Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
316L Stainless Steel Powder
316L Stainless Steel Powder(ss316L) 316L is a stainless steel grade, which is classified according to the metallographic structure and belongs to austenitic stainless steel.
Overview of 316L Stainless Steel Powder
316L is an austenitic stainless steel powder widely used in additive manufacturing to produce corrosion resistant parts with good mechanical properties and weldability. This article provides a detailed guide to 316L powder.
Key aspects covered include composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection methods, comparisons to alternatives, pros and cons, and FAQs. Tables are used to present information in an easy-to-reference format.
Composition of 316L Stainless Steel Powder
The composition of 316L stainless steel powder is:
| Element | Weight % | Purpose |
| Iron | Balance | Principal matrix element |
| Chromium | 16-18 | Corrosion resistance |
| Nickel | 10-14 | Austenite stabilizer |
| Molybdenum | 2-3 | Corrosion resistance |
| Manganese | <2 | Deoxidizer |
| Silicon | <1 | Deoxidizer |
| Carbon | <0.03 | Avoid carbide precipitation |
The high chromium and nickel content provide corrosion resistance while the low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation.
Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Powder
| Property | Description |
| Corrosion resistance | Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion |
| Strength | Tensile strength up to 620 MPa |
| Weldability | Readily weldable and less prone to sensitization |
| Fabricability | Easily formed into complex shapes |
| Biocompatibility | Safe for contact with human body |
| Temperature resistance | Resistant up to 900°C in oxidizing environments |
The properties make 316L suitable for harsh, corrosive environments.
AM Process Parameters for 316L Powder
Typical parameters for printing 316L powder include:
| Parameter | Typical value | Purpose |
| Layer height | 20-100 μm | Balance speed and resolution |
| Laser power | 150-350 W | Melting condition without vaporization |
| Scan speed | 200-1200 mm/s | Density versus build rate |
| Hatch spacing | 100-200 μm | Mechanical properties |
| Supports | Minimal tree/lattice | Overhangs, internal channels |
| Hot isostatic pressing | 1150°C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs | Eliminate porosity |
Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, production rate and post-processing needs.
Applications of 3D Printed 316L Parts
AM 316L components are used in:
| Industry | Applications |
| Aerospace | Structural brackets, panels, housings |
| Automotive | Turbine housings, impellers, valves |
| Chemical | Pumps, valves, reaction vessels |
| Oil and gas | Downhole tools, manifolds, flanges |
| Biomedical | Dental, orthopedic implants, surgical tools |
Benefits versus wrought 316L include complex geometries, reduced part count, and accelerated product development.
Specifications of 316L Powder for AM
316L powder must meet strict specifications:
| Parameter | Specification |
| Particle size range | 15-45 μm typical |
| Particle shape | Spherical morphology |
| Apparent density | > 4 g/cc |
| Tap density | > 6 g/cc |
| Hall flow rate | > 23 sec for 50 g |
| Purity | >99.9% |
| Oxygen content | <1000 ppm |
Handling and Storage of 316L Powder
As a reactive material, careful 316L powder handling is essential:
Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
Use inert gas padding during transportation and storage
Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
Avoid dust accumulation through extraction and ventilation
Follow safety data sheet precautions
Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.
Inspection and Testing of 316L Powder
| Method | Parameters Tested |
| Sieve analysis | Particle size distribution |
| SEM imaging | Particle morphology |
| EDX | Chemistry and composition |
| XRD | Phases present |
| Pycnometry | Density |
| Hall flow rate | Powder flowability |
Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.
Comparing 316L to Alternative Alloy Powders
316L compares to other alloys as:
| Alloy | Corrosion Resistance | Strength | Cost | Printability |
| 316L | Excellent | Medium | Medium | Excellent |
| 17-4PH | Good | High | Medium | Good |
| IN718 | Good | Very high | High | Fair |
| CoCr | Fair | Medium | Medium | Good |
With its balanced properties, 316L is very versatile for small to medium sized AM components needing corrosion resistance.
Pros and Cons of 316L Powder for AM
| Pros | Cons |
| Excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility | Lower high temperature strength than alloys |
| Readily weldable and machinable | Susceptible to porosity during printing |
| Cost advantage over exotic alloys | Prone to thermal cracking |
| Can match wrought material properties | Required post-processing like HIP |
| Range of suppliers available | Lower hardness than precipitation hardening alloys |
316L provides versatile performance at moderate cost, albeit with controlled processing requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions about 316L Stainless Steel Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for printing 316L alloy?
A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.
Q: What post-processing methods are used on 316L AM parts?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and electropolishing are common methods for achieving full densification and surface finish.
Q: Which metal 3D printing process is ideal for 316L alloy?
A: All major powder bed fusion processes including selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) are regularly used.
Q: What industries use additively manufactured 316L components?
A: Aerospace, automotive, biomedical, marine hardware, chemical processing, and oil and gas industries benefit from 3D printed 316L parts.
Q: Does 316L require support structures during 3D printing?
A: Yes, support structures are essential on overhangs and bridged sections to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.
Q: What defects can occur when printing 316L powder?
A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, lack of fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.
Q: What is the key difference between 316 and 316L alloys?
A: 316L has lower carbon content (0.03% max) which improves corrosion resistance and eliminates harmful carbide precipitation during welding.
Q: How are the properties of printed 316L compared to wrought alloy?
A: With optimized parameters, AM 316L components can achieve mechanical properties on par or exceeding conventionally processed wrought counterparts.
Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed 316L parts?
A: Density above 99% is achievable for 316L with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.
Q: What finishing is typically applied to 316L AM parts?
A: Abrasive flow machining, CNC machining, and electropolishing are common finishing processes for removing surface roughness and achieving the required tolerances.
420 Powder
420Â Powder
| Product | 420 Powder |
| CAS No. | 420-04-2 |
| Appearance | Silvery-Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-12Cr-0.3C |
| Density | 7.9g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-342/25 |
420Â Description:
420 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
420 Powder Related Information:
Storage Conditions:Â
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
420 powder
316L is an austenitic stainless steel. The Mo content of 316L gives it excellent corrosion resistance
17-4PH is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel with high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
420 is a martensitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and polishing properties similar to mold steel, while maintaining good corrosion resistance.
316L is an austenitic stainless steel. The Mo content of 316L gives it excellent corrosion resistance
17-4PH is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel with high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
420 is a martensitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and polishing properties similar to mold steel, while maintaining good corrosion resistance.
Physical properties
| Trademark | Size range | Size distribution | Hall flow rate | Bulk density | Tap density | ||
| D10(μm) | D50(μm) | D90(μm) | |||||
| 316L | 15-53μm | 17-23 | 30-38 | 50-58 | 25s/50g | 4.0g/cm³ | 4.5g/cm³ |
| 17-4PH | 15-53μm | 4.0g/cm³ | 4.5g/cm³ | ||||
| 420 | 15-53μm | 4.0g/cm³ | 4.5g/cm³ | ||||
Heat treatment recommendations
| Trademark | Heat treatment recommendations |
| 316L | 1050℃/2h/WQ |
| 17-4PH | 1040°C/2h +480°C/4h |
| 420 | 1050°C/0.5h/WQ |
| Trademark | Hardness(HRC) | Tensile strength (σb/Mpa) | Yield strength (σp0.2/Mpa) | Elongation (δ5/%) |
| 316L | 13-15 | 650 | 550 | 45 |
| 17-4PH | 32-42 | 1310 | 1175 | 13 |
| 420 | 48-52 | 1950 | 1530 | 7 |
Chemical composition range (wt,-%)
| Trademark | C | Cr | Ni | Cu | Nb | Mo |
| 316L | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | – | – | 2.00-3.00 |
| 17-4PH | ≤0.03 | 15.5-17.5 | 3.00-5.00 | 3.00-5.00 | 0.15-0.45 | – |
| 420 | 0.35-0.45 | 12.00-14.00 | ≤0.6 | – | ≤0.20 | ≤0.20 |
| Trademark | Si | Mn | S | P | O | Fe |
| 316L | ≤1.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.08 | Bal |
| 17-4PH | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | Bal |
| 420 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | Bal |
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder
| Product | AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder |
| CAS No. | N/A |
| Appearance | Gray to Dark Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-13Cr-3Ni-1Mo-0.25C |
| Density | 7.93g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-346/25 |
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Description:
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder
AerMet100 stainless steel powder is an advanced high strength and corrosion resistant alloy powder designed for additive manufacturing applications. With its unique composition and properties, AerMet100 enables production of high performance parts using 3D printing processes like laser powder bed fusion and binder jetting.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of AerMet100 stainless steel powder covering its composition, properties, applications, specifications, pricing, handling, inspection methods and other technical details
AerMet100 stainless steel powder is a high-performance alloy powder designed for additive manufacturing applications requiring high strength and fatigue resistance. Some key features of this material include:
High strength and hardness – AerMet100 has excellent strength with tensile strength over 200 ksi and hardness ranging from 30-36 HRC.
Good ductility – Despite the high strength, AerMet100 still retains decent ductility and impact resistance. Elongation values are over 10%.
Excellent fatigue resistance – The fatigue limit of AerMet100 is very high at around 50% of tensile strength. This allows durable components exposed to cyclic stresses.
Resistance to creep – AerMet100 resists deformation under load at high temperatures up to 700°C making it suitable for elevated temperature service.
Corrosion resistance – The stainless steel composition provides corrosion and oxidation resistance for use in harsh environments.
Weldability – The low carbon content allows for good weldability using standard fusion welding methods.
Cost-effectiveness – AerMet100 is more affordable than other exotic alloys with similar properties.
This exceptional balance of properties makes AerMet100 suitable for demanding applications in aerospace, oil & gas, automotive, and industrial sectors. Parts made from AerMet100 powder demonstrate high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and reliability under operating loads.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder Composition
AerMet100 has a martensitic stainless steel composition with additions of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum for strength and hardness. The nominal composition is given below:
| Element | Weight % |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Chromium (Cr) | 15.0 – 17.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 7.0 – 10.0 |
| Cobalt (Co) | 8.0 – 10.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 4.0 – 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | < 1.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | < 1.0 |
| Carbon (C) | < 0.03 |
The key alloying elements and their effects are:
Chromium – Provides corrosion and oxidation resistance
Nickel – Increases toughness and ductility
Cobalt – Solid solution strengthener, increases strength
Molybdenum – Solid solution strengthener, increases strength and creep resistance
Manganese & Silicon – Deoxidizers to improve powder manufacturability
Carbon – Kept low for better weldability
The combination of these elements gives AerMet100 stainless steel its unique set of properties.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder Properties
AerMet100 exhibits the following physical and mechanical properties in as-built AM and heat treated conditions:
| Property | As-Built | Heat Treated |
| Density | 7.9 g/cc | 7.9 g/cc |
| Porosity | < 1% | < 1% |
| Surface Roughness (Ra) | 15-25 μm | 15-25 μm |
| Hardness | 30-35 HRC | 34-38 HRC |
| Tensile Strength | 170-190 ksi | 190-220 ksi |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 160-180 ksi | 180-210 ksi |
| Elongation | 8-13% | 10-15% |
| Reduction of Area | 15-25% | 15-25% |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 27-30 Msi | 29-32 Msi |
| CTE (70-400°C) | 11-12 μm/m°C | 11-12 μm/m°C |
| Conductivity | 25-30% IACS | 25-30% IACS |
The properties make AerMet100 suitable for high-strength structural components, aerospace fasteners, downhole tools, valves and pumps, and other critical parts where fatigue resistance is paramount.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder Applications
The unique properties of AerMet100 make it an excellent choice for the following applications:
Aerospace
Structural brackets, braces, fuselage components
Landing gear parts, wing components, empennage
Engine mounts, exhaust components
Turbine blades, impellers, compressor parts
High-strength fasteners, bolts, nuts, rivets
Oil & Gas
Downhole drill tools and components
Wellhead parts, valves, pumps
Pressure vessels, pipe fittings
Subsea/offshore structural parts
Automotive
Power generation components
Drive systems parts like gears, shafts
Structural braces, chassis components
High-performance racing components
Industrial
Robotics parts subject to wear and impact
Dies, molds, tooling
Fluid handling parts like valves and pumps
Other high-cycle loaded components
The excellent fatigue strength of AerMet100 makes it an ideal replacement for components traditionally made from titanium or nickel alloys. The high hardness provides good wear resistance as well.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder Specifications
AerMet100 powder products meet the following specifications:
| Specification | Grade/Alloy |
| AMS 7245 | AerMet100 |
| ASTM F3056 | AlloySpec 23A |
| DIN 17224 | X3NiCoMoAl 15-7-3 |
Typical size distributions for AM processing are:
| Particle Size | Distribution |
| 15-53 μm | 98% |
| <106 μm | 99% |
Chemical composition must conform to the permissible ranges for elements like Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, C, etc. as outlined in AMS 7245 specification for AerMet100 alloy.
Mechanical properties should meet or exceed the minimum values for hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area stated in AMS 7245.
Non-destructive testing like dye penetrant or magnetic particle inspection should show no critical flaws or defects. Powder should have good flowability and exhibit no clumping.
Storage and Handling
To maintain quality of AerMet100 powder for AM use, the following storage and handling guidelines apply:
Store sealed containers in a cool, dry place away from moisture and sources of contamination
Avoid exposing powder to high humidity (>60% RH) for prolonged time
Allow powder to equilibrate to room temperature prior to unsealing container to prevent condensation
Pour and transfer powder in inert environments with low oxygen content if possible
Use powder handling equipment and accessories made from compatible materials to prevent contamination
Limit reuse of powder to 2-3 cycles maximum to prevent degradation of properties
Conduct testing of used powder to ensure it still meets all specifications for reuse
Proper storage and careful handling is key to preventing powder oxidation, contamination, or changes in flowability.
Safety Information
Wear PPE when handling powder – gloves, respirator mask, goggles
Avoid skin contact to prevent possible allergic reactions
Prevent inhalation of fine powders over long periods
Ensure adequate ventilation and dust collection when processing
Use non-sparking tools to dispense and handle powder
Inert gas blanketing is recommended for powder handling
Follow all applicable safety data sheet (SDS) guidelines
Dispose according to local regulations and ensure containment
AerMet100 alloy powders are generally not hazardous materials but following basic safety practices during storage, handling, and processing is advised.
Inspection and Testing
To ensure AerMet100 powder meets specifications, the following inspection and testing procedures can be used:
| Test Method | Property Validated |
| Visual inspection | Powder flowability, contamination |
| Scanning electron microscopy | Particle size distribution and morphology |
| Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy | Alloy chemistry, contamination |
| X-ray diffraction | Phases present, contamination |
| Hall flowmeter | Powder flow rate |
| Apparent density | Powder packing density |
| Tap density test | Powder flowability |
| Sieve analysis | Particle size distribution per ASTM B214 |
| Chemical analysis | Composition per AMS 7245, oxides |
| Density measurement | Powder density vs AMS 7245 |
Mechanical testing of printed specimens per AMS 7245 validates final part properties meet requirements. Testing methods include hardness, tensile, charpy impact, high cycle fatigue, low cycle fatigue, creep rupture, fracture toughness, corrosion, etc.
AerMet100 Stainless Steel Powder Comparison to Similar Materials
AerMet100 compares to other high-strength martensitic stainless steels as follows:
| Alloy | Strength | Ductility | Weldability | Cost |
| AerMet100 | Very high | Moderate | Fair | Moderate |
| 17-4PH | High | Low | Poor | Low |
| Custom 465 | Very high | Low | Poor | High |
| 316L | Moderate | High | Excellent | Low |
| Inconel 718 | High | High | Moderate | Very high |
Advantages of AerMet100:
Higher strength than 17-4PH and 316L
Better ductility than Custom 465 for higher impact resistance
More weldable than precipitation hardening alloys
Lower cost than Inconel 718
Limitations of AerMet100:
Lower ductility/fracture toughness than austenitic 316L
Inferior weldability compared to 316L
Higher cost than 17-4PH or 316L
Lower strength than Custom 465 in peak aged condition
Overall, AerMet100 provides an optimal combination of strength, ductility, weldability, and cost for high-performance parts made by AM processes.
FAQ
Q: What are the key benefits of AerMet100 alloy?
A: The main benefits of AerMet100 are its high strength and hardness coupled with good ductility, excellent fatigue resistance, creep resistance, corrosion resistance, and moderate cost. This makes it well suited for critical AM applications.
Q: What heat treatment is used for AerMet100?
A: A typical heat treatment is 1-2 hours solutionizing at 1040-1080°C followed by air or furnace cooling to room temperature, then age hardening at 480°C for 4 hours to achieve optimal strength and hardness.
Q: What welding methods can be used to join AerMet100 parts?
A: Fusion welding methods like GTAW, GMAW, and PAW are recommended for AerMet100 to avoid cracking and minimize distortion. Low heat input and peening of welds is also suggested. Brazing can also produce good joints.
Q: How does AerMet100 compare to maraging steels for AM?
A: AerMet100 has higher ductility but slightly lower strength than maraging steels like 18Ni300 or 18Ni350. Maraging steels have poor weldability. AerMet100 is a good lower-cost alternative to maraging.
Q: Can AerMet100 be machined after AM processing?
A: Yes, AerMet100 can be machined after AM but care must be taken to account for work hardening effects. Low cutting forces, carbide tooling, and adequate coolant is recommended. Annealing may be required after extensive machining.
Q: What particle size range of AerMet100 powder is optimal for AM?
A: The recommended particle size range for AM is 15-45 μm. Finer powders improve resolution but can negatively impact flowability. Coarser powders above 53 μm can cause print defects. The typical sweet spot is 25-35 μm
D2 Powder
D2 Powder
| Product | D2 Powder |
| CAS No. | 7782-39-0 |
| Appearance | White-Off White Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | C28H44O2 |
| Density | 7.7g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-350/25 |
D2 Description:
D2 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
D2 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email:Â contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
D2 Powder
D2 powder is a cold work tool steel powder offering an excellent combination of high hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. It is a versatile chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy widely used for pressing into cutting tools, dies, precision parts, and wear components across industrial sectors.
Overview of D2 Powder
D2 powder is a cold work tool steel powder offering an excellent combination of high hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. It is a versatile chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy widely used for pressing into cutting tools, dies, precision parts, and wear components across industrial sectors.
Key properties and advantages of D2 powder include:
D2 Powder Properties and Characteristics
| Properties | Details |
| Composition | Fe-1.5Cr-0.3C-0.4V-1Mo alloy |
| Density | 7.7 g/cc |
| Particle shape | Spherical or irregular |
| Size range | 10-150 microns |
| Apparent density | Up to 60% of true density |
| Flowability | Good |
| Hardness | 60-62 HRC when heat treated |
| Toughness | Very good |
D2’s exceptional combination of hardness, strength, and impact resistance make it the top choice for cold work tooling needing extended service life.
D2 Powder Composition
| Element | Weight % |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11-13% |
| Carbon (C) | 1.4-1.6% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.75-1.2% |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.7-1.2% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.3-0.6% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.15-0.4% |
Iron provides the ferritic matrix
Chromium contributes to hardness and wear resistance
Carbon enables high hardness in heat treated condition
Molybdenum and vanadium form carbides enhancing wear resistance
Manganese and silicon improve solid solution strengthening
D2 Powder Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Density | 7.7 g/cc |
| Melting point | 1460-1500°C |
| Thermal conductivity | 21 W/mK |
| Electrical resistivity | 0.7 μΩ-m |
| Curie temperature | 1010°C |
| Maximum service temperature | 180-200°C |
High density provides component miniaturization capabilities
Retains high hardness and strength at elevated temperatures
Becomes paramagnetic above Curie point
Relatively low service temperature due to tempering effect
The properties allow D2 to be used in cold work tooling applications at high hardness levels.
D2 Powder Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Hardness | 60-62 HRC |
| Transverse rupture strength | 1900-2100 MPa |
| Tensile strength | 2050-2200 MPa |
| Yield strength | 1700-1900 MPa |
| Elongation | 8-11% |
| Impact toughness | 12-15 J/cm2 |
Exceptional hardness when heat treated
Very high strength with reasonable ductility
Excellent impact toughness for a tool steel
High fatigue strength for extended tool life
Strength and ductility values depend on heat treatment
The properties make D2 suitable for the most demanding cold work tooling and die applications requiring extreme wear resistance.
D2 Powder Applications
| Industry | Example Uses |
| Manufacturing | Press tooling, punch and dies |
| Automotive | Blank, pierce, trim, and forming dies |
| Aerospace | Forming dies, fixtures |
| Consumer goods | Razors, knives, scissors |
| Industrial | Drawing dies, thread rolling dies |
Some specific product uses:
Cold heading dies for fastener manufacturing
Coining dies for minting precise parts
Thread rolling dies for bolt production
Draw, punch, blanking dies across sectors
Surgical tools and cutlery
Pelletizing tooling
D2 is the premier powder metal tool steel preferred for the longest lasting cold work tooling, metal forming dies, and precision components across all industries.
D2 Powder Standards
| Standard | Description |
| ASTM A681 | Standard for tool steels alloys |
| DIN 1.2379 | Equivalent to AISI D2 |
| JIS G 4404 | Cold work tool steels |
| ISO 4957 | Tool steels |
| GOST 5950 | Tool steel grades |
These define:
Chemical composition limits of D2 steel
Required mechanical properties in heat treated condition
Permissible impurities
Approved production methods like gas atomization
Compliance testing protocols
Packaging, identification requirements
D2 powder made to these specifications ensures suitability for tooling applications requiring maximum wear resistance, impact toughness and dimensional stability.
D2 Powder Particle Sizes
| Particle Size | Characteristics |
| 10-22 microns | Ultrafine grade provides highest density |
| 22-53 microns | Most commonly used size range |
| 53-105 microns | Coarser size provides good flowability |
Finer particles allow greater densification during sintering
Coarser particles improve powder flow into die cavities
Size is selected based on final part properties needed
Both gas and water atomized particles used
Controlling size distribution optimizes pressing behavior, sintered density, and final component performance.
D2 Powder Apparent Density
| Apparent Density | Details |
| Up to 60% of true density | For spherical powder morphology |
| 4.5-5.5 g/cc typical | Higher density improves flow and compressibility |
Spherical powder shape provides high apparent density
Irregular powder has lower density around 50%
Higher apparent density improves press fill efficiency
Enables easier compaction into complex tool geometries
Higher apparent density leads to better manufacturing productivity and component quality.
| Method | Details |
| Gas atomization | High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets |
| Vacuum induction melting | High purity input materials melted under vacuum |
| Multiple remelting | Enhances chemical homogeneity |
| Sieving | Classifies powder into different particle size fractions |
Gas atomization provides spherical powder shape
Vacuum melting eliminates gaseous impurities
Multiple remelting improves uniformity
Post-processing allows particle size customization
Fully automated processes combined with strict quality control ensures reliable and consistent properties of D2 powder critical for tooling performance.
D2 Powder Handling and Storage
| Recommendation | Reason |
| Ensure adequate ventilation | Prevent exposure to fine metal particles |
| Wear protective gear | Avoid accidental ingestion |
| Ground all equipment | Prevent static sparks |
| Avoid ignition sources | Flammable dust risk |
| Use non-sparking tools | Prevent ignition during handling |
| Follow safe protocols | Reduce fire, explosion, and health risks |
Storage Recommendations
Store sealed containers in a cool, dry area
Limit exposure to moisture, acids, chlorides
Maintain temperatures below 27°C
Proper precautions during handling and storage help preserve purity and prevent health or fire hazards.
D2 Powder Inspection and Testing
| Test | Details |
| Chemical analysis | Verifies composition using optical or ICP spectroscopy |
| Particle size distribution | Determines sizes using laser diffraction or sieving |
| Apparent density | Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212 |
| Powder morphology | SEM imaging to determine particle shape |
| Flow rate analysis | Gravity flow rate through specified funnel |
| Tap density test | Density measured after mechanically tapping powder sample |
Testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical composition, physical characteristics, particle size distribution, morphology, density, and flow rate specifications.
D2 Powder Pros and Cons
Advantages of D2 Powder
Exceptional hardness when heat treated
Excellent wear and abrasion resistance
Very high strength combined with good impact toughness
Dimensional stability in cold work service
Good grindability compared to other tool steels
Relatively cost-effective
Limitations of D2 Powder
Moderate corrosion resistance without surface treatment
Limited high temperature strength and creep resistance
Requires careful heat treatment by experienced providers
Not weldable using conventional welding methods
Large sections can experience embrittlement
Brittle fracture mode limits cold formability
Comparison With S7 Tool Steel Powder
D2 vs S7 Tool Steel Powder
| Parameter | D2 | S7 |
| Hardness | 60-62 HRC | 63-65 HRC |
| Toughness | Very good | Good |
| Wear resistance | Excellent | Outstanding |
| Corrosion resistance | Moderate | Low |
| Cold strength | Excellent | Very good |
| Cost | Low | High |
D2 has slightly lower hardness but much better toughness
S7 provides the maximum wear resistance
D2 has better corrosion resistance uncoated
S7 has higher hot hardness and hot strength
D2 is more cost effective
D2 Powder FAQs
Q: What are the main applications of D2 tool steel powder?
A: Main applications include cold pressing tooling, blanking and punching dies, coin minting dies, thread rolling dies, surgical tools, knives, industrial knives, and precision ground shafts and pins.
Q: What heat treatment is used for D2 tool steel powder?
A: D2 is typically heat treated by austenitizing at 1010-1040°C, quenching in oil or air, and tempering at 150-350°C to achieve a hardness of 60-62 HRC.
Q: How does vanadium improve the properties of D2 steel?
A: Vanadium forms fine carbides with iron and chromium that impart significant wear resistance and abrasion resistance while also enhancing impact toughness.
Q: What precautions should be taken when working with D2 powder?
A: Recommended precautions include ventilation, inert atmosphere, avoiding ignition sources, grounding equipment, using non-sparking tools, protective gear, and safe storage away from moisture or contamination.
H13 Powder
H13 Powder
| Product | H13 Powder |
| CAS No. | 7439-89-6 |
| Appearance | Gray Metallic Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-Cr-Mo-V |
| Density | 7.80g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-344/25 |
H13Â Description:
H13 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.
H13 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
A Comprehensive Guide to H13 Powder
H13 powder is a high-performance tool steel powder that exhibits exceptional strength, toughness, and heat resistance. It belongs to the family of chromium hot-work tool steels, characterized by their ability to withstand high temperatures and mechanical stresses. The powder form of H13 allows for precise and efficient manufacturing processes, making it a popular choice in various industries.
Overview of H13 Powder
H13 is a versatile chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hot work tool steel exhibiting very good resistance to thermal fatigue cracking and wear resistance. It has high hardness retention at elevated temperatures making it suitable for tools and dies used for hot forming, forging and casting applications.
Key characteristics of H13 powder include:
Excellent hot hardness and thermal fatigue resistance
Good wear resistance and toughness
High hardenability for increasing hardness through heat treatment
Excellent machinability in annealed state
Can be polished to fine surface finish
Available in various size ranges and morphologies
H13 powder is used to produce hot work tooling needed across several industries including automotive, aerospace, mining, die-casting etc. This article provides a detailed overview of H13 powder.
Chemical Composition of H13 Powder
The typical chemical composition of H13 powder is:
| Element | Weight % |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Chromium (Cr) | 4.75-5.5% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.1-1.75% |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.8-1.2% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.2-0.6% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.8-1.2% |
| Carbon (C) | 0.32-0.45% |
H13 powder possesses the following properties:
| Property | Value |
| Density | 7.3 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1420-1460°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 24 W/mK |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.55 μΩ.cm |
| Young’s Modulus | 200 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.29-0.30 |
| Tensile Strength | 1900 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 1650 MPa |
| Elongation | 8-9% |
| Hardness | 46-52 HRC |
H13 maintains its hardness, strength and thermal fatigue resistance up to 600°C making it an ideal choice for hot work tool and die applications.
Production Method for H13 Powder
The common production methods for H13 powder include:
Gas Atomization – High pressure inert gas used to atomize molten H13 alloy resulting in fine spherical powders with controlled size distribution.
Water Atomization – High velocity water jet impacts and disintegrates molten metal stream into fine irregular powders. Lower cost but higher oxygen pickup.
Mechanical Alloying – Ball milling of iron and alloying element powders followed by sintering and secondary atomization.
Gas atomization provides the best control over particle characteristics like size, shape and microcleanliness.
Applications of H13 Powder
Typical applications of H13 powder include:
Additive Manufacturing – Used in laser powder bed fusion and binder jetting to produce hot work tooling inserts, dies, blow molds etc.
Thermal Spray Coatings – Applied using wire/powder arc spray methods to provide wear and heat resistant coatings.
Metal Injection Molding – To manufacture small, complex hot work parts with tight tolerances like forging dies.
Powder Metallurgy – Press and sinter process to produce hot forming tools and dies cost effectively.
Welding Filler – Used as flux cored wire providing excellent resistance to heat and wear in the welded component.
H13 powder is available in various size ranges, shapes and grades including:
Particle Size:Â From 10-45 microns for AM methods, up to 150 microns for thermal spray processes.
Morphology:Â Spherical, irregular and blended particle shapes. Smooth spherical powder provides optimal flow.
Grades:Â Conforming to AISI, DIN, ASTM, and other equivalent standards. Custom alloys also available.
Purity:Â Oxygen content from 100-2000 ppm depending on production method. Lower oxygen levels offer better performance.
Storage and Handling of H13 Powder
H13 powder requires the following controlled storage and handling:
Store in sealed containers under humidity control to prevent oxidation
Avoid fine powder accumulation to minimize dust explosion hazards
Use proper grounding and PPE when handling powder
Prevent contact with sparks, flames or ignition sources
Follow recommended safety practices from supplier SDS
Inert gas glove box techniques are preferred for handling reactive alloy powders like H13.
Inspection and Testing of H13 Powder
Key quality control tests for H13 powder:
Chemical analysis using OES or XRF to ensure correct composition
Particle size distribution as per ASTM B822 standard
Morphology analysis through SEM imaging
Powder flow rate measured as per ASTM B213 standard
Density determination by helium pycnometry
Impurity testing by ICP-MS
Microstructure characterization by X-ray diffraction
Thorough testing ensures uniform chemistry, physical characteristics and microstructure suitable for application requirements.
Comparison Between H13 and D2 Tool Steel Powders
H13 and D2 are two tool steel powders compared:
| Parameter | H13 | D2 |
| Type | Hot work steel | Cold work steel |
| Cr content | 4.75-5.5% | 11-13% |
| V content | 0.8-1.2% | 0.7-1.2% |
| Heat resistance | Excellent | Good |
| Wear resistance | Very good | Excellent |
| Toughness | Higher | Lower |
| Cost | Lower | Higher |
H13 resists heat and thermal fatigue cracking whereas D2 offers very high wear resistance. H13 provides better toughness and lower cost.
H13 Powder FAQs
Q: How is H13 tool steel powder produced?
A: H13 powder is commercially produced using gas atomization, water atomization and mechanical alloying followed by sintering. Gas atomization offers the best control of powder characteristics.
Q: What are the main applications of H13 powder?
A: The major applications of H13 powder include additive manufacturing, thermal spray coatings, metal injection molding, and powder metallurgy hot work tooling requiring excellent heat and wear resistance.
Q: What is the recommended H13 powder size for binder jetting AM?
A: For binder jetting process, the typical H13 powder size range is 20-45 microns with spherical morphology to enable good powder packing and binder infiltration.
Q: Does H13 powder require any special handling precautions?
A: Yes, it is recommended to handle H13 powder carefully under controlled humidity and inert atmosphere using proper grounding, ventilation and PPE.
Q: Where can I purchase H13 powder suitable for hot forging dies?
A: For hot work die applications, high purity H13 powder can be purchased from leading manufacturer.
M2 Powder
M2 Powder
| Product | M2 Powder |
| CAS No. | N/A |
| Appearance | Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%,  ≥99.9%,  ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM  (Can be customized),  Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Fe-C-Cr-Mo-W-V |
| Density | N/A |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-254/25 |
M2 Description:
M2 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing
M2 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
M2 Powder
M2 is a high-speed steel powder characterized by its high hardness and wear resistance along with good toughness and compressive strength. It is widely used in metal additive manufacturing to produce durable tooling for cutting, forming and stamping applications.
M2 is a high-speed steel powder characterized by its high hardness and wear resistance along with good toughness and compressive strength. It is widely used in metal additive manufacturing to produce durable tooling for cutting, forming and stamping applications.
Composition of M2 Powder
| Element | Weight % | Purpose |
| Tungsten | 6.0 – 6.8 | Hardness, wear resistance |
| Molybdenum | 4.8 – 5.5 | Toughness, strength |
| Chromium | 3.8 – 4.5 | Hardening, wear resistance |
| Vanadium | 1.9 – 2.2 | Hardening, wear resistance |
| Carbon | 0.78 – 0.88 | Hardening |
| Manganese | 0.15 – 0.45 | Hardening |
| Silicon | 0.15 – 0.45 | Deoxidizer |
The high tungsten, molybdenum and chromium content impart excellent hardness and wear resistance.
Properties of M2 Powder
| Property | Description |
| Hardness | 64 – 66 HRC when heat treated |
| Wear resistance | Excellent abrasion and erosion resistance |
| Toughness | Higher than tungsten carbide grades |
| Compressive strength | Up to 300 ksi |
| Heat resistance | Can be used up to 600°C |
| Corrosion resistance | Better than plain carbon steels |
The properties make M2 suitable for durable cutting, stamping and forming tooling.
AM Process Parameters for M2 Powder
| Parameter | Typical value | Purpose |
| Layer height | 20-50 μm | Resolution versus build speed |
| Laser power | 250-500 W | Sufficient melting without evaporation |
| Scan speed | 400-1200 mm/s | Density versus production rate |
| Hatch spacing | 80-120 μm | Mechanical properties |
| Support structure | Minimal | Easy removal |
| Hot isostatic pressing | 1160°C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs | Eliminate porosity |
Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, build rate and post-processing requirements.
Applications of 3D Printed M2 Tooling
| Industry | Tooling applications |
| Automotive | Stamping dies, forming tools, fixtures |
| Aerospace | Jigs, fixtures, trim tools |
| Appliances | Punches, blanking dies, bending dies |
| Consumer goods | Injection molds, stamping dies |
| Medical | Cutting tools, rasps, drill guides |
Benefits over traditionally processed M2 tooling include complexity, lead time and cost reduction.
Specifications of M2 Powder for AM
M2 powder must meet strict specifications:
| Parameter | Specification |
| Particle size range | 15-45 μm typical |
| Particle shape | Spherical morphology |
| Apparent density | > 4 g/cc |
| Tap density | > 6 g/cc |
| Hall flow rate | > 23 sec for 50 g |
| Purity | >99.9% |
| Oxygen content | <300 ppm |
Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available.
Handling and Storage of M2 Powder
As a reactive material, careful M2 powder handling is essential:
Store sealed containers away from moisture, sparks, ignition sources
Use inert gas padding during transfer and storage
Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
Avoid dust accumulation through extraction systems
Follow applicable safety precautions
Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.
Inspection and Testing of M2 Powder
| Method | Parameters Tested |
| Sieve analysis | Particle size distribution |
| SEM imaging | Particle morphology |
| EDX | Chemistry and composition |
| XRD | Phases present |
| Pycnometry | Density |
| Hall flow rate | Powder flowability |
Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.
Comparing M2 to Alternative Tool Steel Powders
M2 compares to other tool steel alloys as:
| Alloy | Wear Resistance | Toughness | Cost | Ease of Processing |
| M2 | Excellent | Good | Medium | Fair |
| H13 | Good | Excellent | Low | Excellent |
| S7 | Excellent | Fair | High | Difficult |
| 420 stainless | Poor | Excellent | Low | Excellent |
With its balanced properties, M2 supersedes alternatives for many wear-resistant tooling applications.
Pros and Cons of M2 Powder for Metal AM
| Pros | Cons |
| Excellent hardness and wear resistance | Lower toughness than cold work tool steels |
| Good heat resistance and thermal stability | Required post-processing like HIP and heat treatment |
| Established credentials for metal AM | Controlled atmosphere storage required |
| Cost advantage over exotic tool steels | Difficult to machine after printing |
| Properties match conventional M2 | Limited corrosion resistance |
M2 enables high wear resistance additive tooling, though not suitable for highly corrosive environments.
Frequently Asked Questions about M2 Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for printing M2 powder?
A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides optimal powder flowability combined with high resolution and dense parts.
Q: What post-processing methods are used for M2 AM parts?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface grinding/EDM, and shot peening are typically used to eliminate voids, harden, and finish parts.
Q: Which metal 3D printing process is ideal for M2 alloy?
A: M2 can be effectively printed using selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) processes.
Q: What accuracy and surface finish can be expected for M2 printed parts?
A: Post-processed M2 components can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finish comparable to CNC machined M2 tooling.
Q: What industries use additively manufactured M2 tooling components?
A: Automotive, aerospace, medical, consumer goods, appliances, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed M2 tooling.
Q: What is the key difference between M2 and M4 grades of high speed steel?
A: M4 has slightly lower vanadium and molybdenum content leading to a better combination of wear resistance and toughness compared to M2.
Q: Does M2 require support structures when 3D printing?
A: Minimal supports are recommended on overhangs and bridges to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.
Q: What density can be expected with optimized M2 3D printed parts?
A: Density above 99% is achievable for M2 using ideal parameters tailored specifically for this alloy.
Q: What defects can occur when printing M2 powder?
A: Potential defects are cracking, distortion, porosity, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented through optimized parameters.
Q: Is HIP required for all M2 AM tooling components?
A: While highly recommended, HIP may not be absolutely necessary for non-critical tooling applications. Heat treatment alone may suffice.

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