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Ti3C2 MXene Powder Multilayer
Product Name: Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Multilayer Powder
Ti3C2Tx MXene
Ti3C2 Mxene multilayer
| Product | Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Multilayer |
| MF | Product Code: NCZMX-109-20 |
| Colour | Black Powder |
| Purity | 99 wt % |
| Number of layers | 10-50 (customizable) |
| Ingredient | Ti3C2 |
| CAS NO | 12363-89-2 |
Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots
Product Name: Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots
| Product |
Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots |
| CAS No. | 12363-89-2 |
| Appearance | Suspension |
| Purity | 99% |
| Diameter | 5 – 10 nm (can be customized) |
| Ingredient | Ti3C2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-309 |
Ti3C2 Transparent Film
Product Name: Ti3C2 Transparent Film
| Product | Ti3C2 Transparent Film |
| CAS No. | 12363-89-2 |
| Appearance | Fim |
| Purity | 99% |
| Size | 1 * 1 cm (can be customized) |
| Ingredient | Ti3C2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-313 |
Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Nanosize thin layer dispersion
Product Name: Small diameter Ti3C2Tx (MXene) thin layer dispersion
Ti3C2Tx MXene
| Product | Ti3C2Tx MXene thin layer dispersion |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-104-D |
| Colour | Black Solution |
| Lateral Size | 50-150 nm |
| Concentrations | 2 mg/mL |
| Number of Layers | 1 to 5 |
| CAS | 12363-89-2 |
Ti3C2Tx MXene Few Layer Dispersion Solution
Product Name: Ti3C2Tx MXene Few-Layer Dispersion Solution
Ti3C2Tx MXene Few-Layer Dispersion
Product Code: NCZ-MX-107
| Product | Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Few-Layer Dispersion Solution |
| Colour | Black Solution |
| Lateral size | 2-5 μm (customizable) |
| Number of layers | 1-10 (customizable) |
| Concentration | 5mg/ml (customizable) |
| CAS NO | 12363-89-2 |
Ti3C2Tx MXene Few layer Nanoflake
Product Name: Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Few layers Nanoflake Powder
Ti3C2Tx MXene (few-layer nanoflakes)
Few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene
Few-layer MXene Ti3C2Tx nanoflakes
Ti3C2Tx MXene| Product |
Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Few layer Nanoflake |
| MF | Product Code: NCZ-MX-109 |
| Colour | Black Powder |
| Purity | 99 wt % |
| Number of layers | 1-10 (customizable) |
| Ingredient | Ti3C2 |
| CAS NO | 12363-89-2 |
Ti3C2Tx MXene Few layer Nanoflake APPLICATION FIELDS
MXenes and MXenes-based nanocomposites have been widely used in nano-adsorption, biosensors, ion sieving, catalysis, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, lubrication, and many other fields. Ti3C2Tx MXene Few layer Nanoflake RELATED INFORMATION Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please email us for the customization. Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Ti3C2Tx MXene multilayer Nanoflake
Product Name: Ti3C2Tx (MXene) multilayer Nanoflake
Ti3C2Tx MXene (multilayer nanoflakes)
multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene
multilayer MXene Ti3C2Tx nanoflakes| Product |
Ti3C2Tx (MXene) multilayer Nanoflake |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-110 |
| Thickness | 100-200 nm (customizable) |
| Purity | ~99 wt% |
| Ingredient | Ti3C2 |
| CAS NO | 12316-56-2 |
| Appearance: | Black Powder |
Ti3C2Tx MXene multilayer Nanoflake APPLICATION FIELDS
MXenes and MXenes-based nanocomposites have been widely used in nano-adsorption, biosensors, ion sieving, catalysis, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, lubrication, and many other fields. Ti3C2Tx MXene multilayer Nanoflake RELATED INFORMATION Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please email us for the customization. Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Ti3C2Tx MXene Thin Layer Dispersion Solution
Product Name: Ti3C2Tx MXene Thin Layer Dispersion Solution
Product Code: NCZ-MX-108| Product |
Ti3C2Tx MXene Thin Layer Dispersion Solution |
| Colour | Black Solution |
| Lateral size | 2-5 μm |
| Number of layers | 1-10 |
| Concentration | 2.5 mg/ml |
| CAS NO | 12363-89-2 |
Ti3C2Tx MXene Thin Layer Dispersion Solution
Product Name: Ti3C2Tx MXene Thin Layer Dispersion Solution
Product Code: NCZ-MX-106| Product |
Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Thin Layer Dispersion Solution |
| Colour | Black Solution |
| Lateral size | 2-5 μm |
| Number of layers | 1-5 |
| Concentration | 2 mg/ml |
| CAS NO | 12363-89-2 |
Ti3C2Tx MXene Thin Layer Dispersion Solution APPLICATION FIELDS
MXenes and MXenes-based nanocomposites have been widely used in nano-adsorption, biosensors, ion sieving, catalysis, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, lubrication, and many other fields. RELATED INFORMATION Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please email us for the customization. Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Ti3CN MXenes Material
Product Name: Ti3CN MXenes Material
| Product | Ti3CN MXenes Material |
| CAS No. | 12316-56-2 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99% |
| APS | 1 – 5 microns (can be customized) |
| Ingredient | The organ-like material is etched by hydrofluoric acid . Organ-like material obtained by etching with HF . |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-302 |
Ti3GeC2 MAXene Powder
Product Name: Ti3GeC2 MAXene Powder
Product Code: NCZ-MX-206| Product | Ti3GeC2 MAX |
| Colour | Black Powder |
| Purity | ≥98 wt% |
| Ingredient | Ti3GeC2 |
| CAS NO | 12316-56-2 |
Ti3SiC2 max phase target
Product Name: Ti3SiC2 Max Phase Target
| Product | Ti3SiC2 freestanding thin films/Target Max Phase |
| Colour | Blackish |
| Thickness | 5-10 µm |
| Diameter | ≈45 mm (Ask for customization) |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-221 |
Flexible electronic devices (sensors, capacitors), flexible batteries, etc. It also can be used to deposit other materials as composite materials and separation membranes for seawater separation.
RELATED INFORMATION Storage Conditions: Sealed, avoid light, Argon protection and keep dry at room temperature. Expiry date: Three months.
Ti3SiC2 Max Phase Target
Product Name: Ti3SiC2 Max Phase Target
| Product | Ti3SiC2 Max Phase Target |
| CAS No. | 12316-56-2 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99% |
| Size | 80 * 5 mm |
| Ingredient | Ti3SiC2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-316 |
Ti3SiC2 MAXene Powder
Product Name: Ti3SiC2 MAXene Powder
Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase Powder
| Product |
Ti3SiC2 MAXene powder |
| Colour | Black Powder |
| Purity | ≥98 wt% |
| Ingredient | Ti3SiC2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-122 |
Ti45Al8Nb Powder
Ti45Al8Nb Powder
| Product | Ti45Al8Nb Powder |
| CAS No. | 196506-01-1 |
| Appearance | Grayish and Metallic Silver Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti-45Al-8Nb |
| Density | 4.1-4.3g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-265/25 |
Ti45Al8Nb Description:
Ti45Al8Nb Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTi45Al8Nb Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Ti45Al8Nb Powder Ti45Al8Nb powder is a revolutionary material that has gained significant attention in various industries due to its exceptional properties. This article explores the composition, manufacturing process, physical and mechanical properties, as well as the applications of Ti45Al8Nb powder. Introduction The aerospace industry is constantly seeking innovative materials that can enhance aircraft performance, durability, and fuel efficiency. One such material that has caught the attention of engineers and researchers is Ti45Al8Nb powder. This unique alloy powder exhibits remarkable properties that make it a promising candidate for aerospace applications. In this article, we will explore the world of Ti45Al8Nb powder and its potential to revolutionize the aerospace industry. Understanding Titanium-Aluminum-Niobium Alloys Titanium-aluminum-niobium alloys, commonly known as Ti-Al-Nb alloys, are a class of lightweight materials that possess excellent strength-to-weight ratios. These alloys combine the desirable properties of titanium, aluminum, and niobium to create a material that is both lightweight and strong. The addition of niobium enhances the high-temperature stability, creep resistance, and mechanical properties of the alloy. The Significance Of Ti45Al8Nb Powder Ti45Al8Nb powder is a specific composition within the Ti-Al-Nb alloy family. It contains 45% titanium, 8% aluminum, and 47% niobium. This particular composition has garnered attention due to its exceptional properties, including high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance. These characteristics make Ti45Al8Nb powder an ideal material for aerospace applications, where weight reduction, durability, and resistance to harsh environments are crucial factors. Properties And Characteristics Of Ti45Al8Nb Powder Ti45Al8Nb powder exhibits several key properties that contribute to its suitability for aerospace applications: High Strength: Ti45Al8Nb powder possesses excellent strength-to-weight ratios, allowing the production of lightweight components without compromising structural integrity. Low Density: With a low density, Ti45Al8Nb powder helps reduce the overall weight of aircraft, leading to improved fuel efficiency and increased payload capacity. Corrosion Resistance: The alloy’s corrosion resistance ensures the longevity of aerospace components, even in aggressive environments encountered during flight. High-Temperature Stability: Ti45Al8Nb powder exhibits exceptional stability at elevated temperatures, making it suitable for applications where exposure to heat is inevitable. Fatigue Resistance: The alloy’s fatigue resistance ensures long-term durability and extends the lifespan of critical components subjected to cyclic loading. Applications In The Aerospace Industry Ti45Al8Nb powder has found various applications in the aerospace industry, including: Engine Components: The powder is utilized in the manufacturing of engine parts such as turbine blades, compressor discs, and combustor liners. Its high-temperature stability and strength make it an ideal choice for these critical components. Structural Components: Ti45Al8Nb powder is used to produce structural components like aircraft frames, wings, and landing gear. Its lightweight nature and excellent strength properties contribute to improved overall aircraft performance. Exhaust Systems: The alloy’s corrosion resistance makes it suitable for exhaust systems, where exposure to high-temperature gases and corrosive byproducts is a concern. Heat Exchangers: Ti45Al8Nb powder can be used in heat exchangers, allowing efficient heat transfer while withstanding the challenging operating conditions encountered in aerospace applications. Advantages Of Ti45Al8Nb Powder In Aerospace Applications The use of Ti45Al8Nb powder in the aerospace industry offers several advantages: Weight Reduction: The lightweight nature of the alloy contributes to fuel efficiency and increased payload capacity, resulting in reduced operating costs. Enhanced Performance: Components made from Ti45Al8Nb powder exhibit improved performance due to the alloy’s high strength, fatigue resistance, and temperature stability. Cost Savings: Although the initial production costs of Ti45Al8Nb powder may be higher than traditional materials, its long-term durability and reduced maintenance requirements lead to cost savings over the lifecycle of aerospace components. Environmental Benefits: Lightweight materials like Ti45Al8Nb powder contribute to reduced fuel consumption and lower emissions, aligning with the industry’s focus on sustainability. Challenges And Future Prospects While Ti45Al8Nb powder shows immense promise for aerospace applications, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. These include: Manufacturing Techniques: Refining the manufacturing techniques to optimize the production of Ti45Al8Nb powder is essential for widespread adoption in the aerospace industry. Cost Considerations: Reducing the production costs of Ti45Al8Nb powder is crucial to make it more economically viable for various aerospace applications. Standardization And Certification: Establishing standardized testing and certification processes will ensure the safety and reliability of components manufactured using Ti45Al8Nb powder. In the future, advancements in manufacturing technologies and research efforts will likely overcome these challenges, unlocking the full potential of Ti45Al8Nb powder in the aerospace industry.
Ti45Nb Powder
Ti45Nb Powder
| Product | Ti45Nb Powder |
| CAS No. | 191152-52-0 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray or Dark Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti55Nb45 |
| Density | 6.0g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-266/25 |
Ti45Nb Description:
Ti45Nb Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTi45Nb Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Ti45Nb Powder for Additive Manufacturing Ti45Nb powder, a marvel of material science, is making waves in the realm of additive manufacturing. Understanding the Composition and Properties of Ti45Nb Powder At its core, Ti45Nb powder is a metal alloy powder consisting primarily of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). The magic lies in the specific ratio – roughly 55% titanium and 45% niobium by weight. This unique blend imbues the powder with a remarkable set of properties, as summarized in the table below:| Property | Description |
| Composition | 55% Ti, 45% Nb (nominal) |
| Density | ~6.0 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~3000°C |
| Strength | Medium range |
| Elastic Modulus | 40% lower than commercially pure titanium |
| Biocompatibility | Excellent |
| Corrosion Resistance | Outstanding |
| Application | Description |
| Aerospace: Lightweight, high-strength components for aircraft, spacecraft, and satellite structures. | |
| Biomedical: Biocompatible implants for knees, hips, and other joints, as well as dental implants and surgical instruments. | |
| Chemical Processing: Corrosion-resistant components for pumps, valves, and other equipment exposed to aggressive chemicals. | |
| Oil and Gas: High-pressure and high-temperature components for drilling equipment and downhole tools. | |
| Consumer Products: High-performance sporting goods like bicycle frames and golf clubs. |
| Specification | Description |
| Particle Size: Typically ranges from 15 to 45 microns, with customized options available for specific applications. | |
| Grade: Available in various grades depending on the desired level of purity and oxygen content. | |
| Standards: Conforms to industry standards like ASTM F3056 for additive manufacturing powders. |
Ti45NB Powder
Ti45NB Powder
| Product | Ti45NB Powder |
| CAS No. | 7440-32-6 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti55Nb45 |
| Density | 5.7g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 140.733g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-320/25 |
Ti45NB Description:
Ti45NB Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.Ti45NB Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Ti45Nb Powder for Additive Manufacturing Ti45Nb powder, a marvel of material science, is making waves in the realm of additive manufacturing.| Metal Powder | Size | Quantity | Price/kg |
| Ti45Nb | 15-45um | 30KG | 499 |
| Property | Description |
| Composition | 55% Ti, 45% Nb (nominal) |
| Density | ~6.0 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~3000°C |
| Strength | Medium range |
| Elastic Modulus | 40% lower than commercially pure titanium |
| Biocompatibility | Excellent |
| Corrosion Resistance | Outstanding |
| Application | Description |
| Aerospace: Lightweight, high-strength components for aircraft, spacecraft, and satellite structures. | |
| Biomedical: Biocompatible implants for knees, hips, and other joints, as well as dental implants and surgical instruments. | |
| Chemical Processing: Corrosion-resistant components for pumps, valves, and other equipment exposed to aggressive chemicals. | |
| Oil and Gas: High-pressure and high-temperature components for drilling equipment and downhole tools. | |
| Consumer Products: High-performance sporting goods like bicycle frames and golf clubs. |
| Specification | Description |
| Particle Size: Typically ranges from 15 to 45 microns, with customized options available for specific applications. | |
| Grade: Available in various grades depending on the desired level of purity and oxygen content. | |
| Standards: Conforms to industry standards like ASTM F3056 for additive manufacturing powders. |
Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Powder
Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Powder
| Product | Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Powder |
| CAS No. | 191152-52-0 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray or Dark Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti48Al2Cr2Nb |
| Density | 3.9-4.2g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-267/25 |
Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Description:
Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTi48Al2Cr2Nb Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder is a remarkable alloy that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its exceptional properties and applications in various industries. This article explores the composition, synthesis methods, properties, and diverse applications of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder. From aerospace engineering to biomedical advancements, this alloy has the potential to revolutionize several fields. Let’s delve into the fascinating world ofTi48Al2Cr2Nb powder and uncover its wide-ranging possibilities. Introduction Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder belongs to a class of advanced intermetallic alloys that exhibit outstanding properties such as high strength, excellent oxidation resistance, and superior corrosion resistance. This alloy is primarily composed of titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), and niobium (Nb), which synergistically contribute to its remarkable characteristics. Its unique combination of properties makes it an attractive material for numerous applications. Composition And Structure Of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Powder Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder consists of 48% titanium, 2% aluminum, 2% chromium, and 2% niobium. These elements are carefully selected to achieve a balanced composition that imparts desirable mechanical and thermal properties to the alloy. The microstructure of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder typically comprises a fine-grained lamellar structure, enhancing its mechanical strength and ductility. Synthesis Methods Several techniques are employed for the synthesis of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder, including gas atomization, mechanical alloying, and powder metallurgy processes. Gas atomization involves the rapid solidification of a molten alloy by subjecting it to a high-velocity gas stream, resulting in the formation of spherical powder particles. Mechanical alloying combines elemental powders through high-energy ball milling, promoting alloying and homogenization. Powder metallurgy techniques involve compaction and sintering of elemental powders to form a dense and uniform material. Mechanical Properties Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, making it suitable for demanding applications. It demonstrates high tensile strength, excellent fatigue resistance, and impressive creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The alloy also possesses good fracture toughness and maintains its mechanical integrity under severe loading conditions. High-Temperature Performance One of the key advantages of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder is its exceptional high-temperature performance. The alloy retains its mechanical strength and dimensional stability even at elevated temperatures, making it ideal for applications in gas turbines, jet engines, and other high-temperature environments. Its resistance to oxidation and thermal fatigue ensures prolonged service life under extreme conditions. Aerospace Applications Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder has garnered considerable interest in the aerospace industry. Its lightweight nature, high specific strength, and excellent heat resistance make it a viable material for aircraft components. From turbine blades to engine casings, this alloy offers enhanced fuel efficiency, increased durability, and improved performance in aerospace applications. Biomedical Applications In recent years, Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder has found promising applications in the biomedical field. The alloy’s biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and low elastic modulus make it an attractive choice for orthopedic implants, dental prosthetics, and surgical instruments. Its ability to integrate with human tissues and promote faster healing has propelled its use in advanced medical procedures. Automotive Industry Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder is also gaining traction in the automotive industry. Its lightweight properties contribute to fuel efficiency, reducing emissions and enhancing overall vehicle performance. The alloy’s strength and corrosion resistance make it suitable for engine components, exhaust systems, and other critical automotive parts. Energy Sector With the growing demand for clean energy, Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder offers exciting prospects in the energy sector. Its excellent thermal stability, resistance to corrosive environments, and high-temperature capabilities make it an ideal material for gas turbines, power plants, and renewable energy systems. The alloy’s efficiency and reliability contribute to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies. Future Outlook And Research Directions The potential of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder continues to expand, with ongoing research focusing on improving its properties and exploring novel applications. Further advancements in alloy design, processing techniques, and surface engineering can unlock new opportunities for this remarkable material. Continued collaboration between researchers, engineers, and industry professionals will drive the innovation and commercialization of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder.
Ti4AlN3 MAXene Powder
Product Name: Ti4AlN3 MAXene Powder
Product Code: NCZ-MX-207| Product | Ti4AlN3 MAX |
| Colour | Black Powder |
| Purity | ≥98 wt% |
| Ingredient | Ti4AlN3 |
| CAS NO | 12316-56-2 |
Ti6Al4V Powder
Ti6Al4V Powder
| Product | Ti6Al4V Powder |
| CAS No. | 12743-70-3 |
| Appearance | Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | TiAlV |
| Density | 2.2g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-321/25 |
Ti6Al4V Description:
Ti6Al4V Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.Ti6Al4V Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Overview of Ti6Al4V Powder Ti6Al4V powder, also referred to as Grade 5 titanium alloy, is one of the most popular titanium alloy powders. It contains 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium as the key alloying elements along with the remainder titanium. Spherical powder ti6al4v offers an exceptional combination of high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and workability. Key properties and advantages of Ti6Al4V powder: Ti6Al4V Powder Properties and Characteristics| Properties | Details |
| Composition | Ti-6Al-4V alloy |
| Density | 4.43 g/cc |
| Particle shape | Predominantly spherical |
| Size range | 15-45 microns |
| Apparent density | Up to 60% of true density |
| Flowability | Good |
| Strength | High for a titanium alloy |
| Corrosion resistance | Excellent |
| Element | Weight % |
| Titanium | Balance |
| Aluminum | 5.5-6.75% |
| Vanadium | 3.5-4.5% |
| Oxygen | <0.2% |
| Carbon | <0.1% |
| Nitrogen | <0.05% |
| Hydrogen | <0.015% |
| Iron | <0.3% |
| Property | Values |
| Density | 4.43 g/cc |
| Melting point | 1604-1660°C |
| Thermal conductivity | 6.7 W/mK |
| Electrical resistivity | 170 μΩ-cm |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 8.4 x 10^-6 /K |
| Maximum service temperature | 400°C |
| Property | Values |
| Tensile strength | 950 – 1050 MPa |
| Yield strength | 860 – 950 MPa |
| Elongation | 10 – 18% |
| Hardness | 330 – 380 HB |
| Modulus of elasticity | 110 – 120 GPa |
| Fatigue strength | 400 – 500 MPa |
| Industry | Uses |
| Aerospace | Structural airframe parts, engine components |
| Biomedical | Orthopedic and dental implants |
| Automotive | Connecting rods, valves, springs |
| Chemical | Tanks, vessels, heat exchangers |
| Consumer | Sporting goods, watch cases, cellphone bodies |
| 3D Printing | Aerospace and medical components |
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM): SLM is a powder bed fusion (PBF) technique that employs a high-power laser to selectively melt and fuse fine layers of Ti6Al4V powder. This method produces high-density, high-strength parts with complex geometries.
- Electron Beam Melting (EBM): EBM is another PBF technique that utilizes a focused electron beam to melt Ti6Al4V powder. It is known for its ability to produce parts with excellent surface quality and fine features.
- Directed Energy Deposition (DED): DED is an additive manufacturing process that deposits material through a nozzle while simultaneously melting it with a laser or electron beam. Ti6Al4V powder can be used in DED to create large-scale, near-net-shape components.
- Binder Jetting (BJ): BJ is a PBF technique that uses a liquid binder to selectively adhere Ti6Al4V powder particles together. The unbound powder is then removed, leaving a pre-formed part that is sintered to achieve full density.
| Standard | Description |
| ASTM F2924 | Additive manufacturing Ti6Al4V alloy |
| ASTM F3001 | Specs for gas atomized Ti alloy powder for AM |
| AMS 4954 | Composition limits of Ti-6Al-4V powder for additive manufacturing |
| ASTM B348 | Specs for Ti and Ti alloy powders |
| ASTM F1472 | Wrought Ti6Al4V alloy for surgical implants |
| Particle Size | Characteristics |
| 15-45 microns | General purpose size range |
| 45-100 microns | Optimized for cold spraying |
| 5-25 microns | Finer sizes used in laser AM processes |
| Apparent Density | Details |
| Up to 60% of true density | For spherical powder morphology |
| 2.6 – 3.0 g/cc | Improves with greater packing density |
| Method | Details |
| Gas atomization | High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets |
| Vacuum arc melting | High purity input materials refined and melted in vacuum |
| Multiple remelts | Improves chemical homogeneity |
| Sieving | Classifies powder into different particle size fractions |
| Recommendation | Reason |
| Avoid inhalation | Due to risk of lung tissue damage from fine particles |
| Use protective mask | Prevent accidental ingestion |
| Handle in ventilated areas | Reduce airborne particle suspension |
| Ensure no ignition sources | Powder can combust in oxygen atmosphere |
| Follow anti-static protocols | Prevent fire from static discharge while handling |
| Store sealed containers in cool, dry area | Prevent moisture pickup and reactivity |
| Test | Details |
| Chemical analysis | ICP spectroscopy used to verify composition |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction used to determine size distribution |
| Apparent density | Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212 |
| Powder morphology | SEM imaging to check particle sphericity |
| Flow rate analysis | Using Hall flowmeter funnel |
| Tap density test | Density measured after mechanically tapping powder sample |
| Parameter | Ti6Al4V | Ti64 | Ti Grade 2 |
| Aluminum | 6% | 6% | – |
| Vanadium | 4% | 4% | – |
| Strength | 950-1050 MPa | 950-1050 MPa | 420-550 MPa |
| Ductility | 10-18% | 10-18% | 15-30% |
| Cost | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| Uses | Aerospace, medical | Aerospace, automotive | Industrial, consumer |
TiAl2 Powder
TiAl2 Powder
| Product | TiAl2 Powder |
| CAS No. | 39410-63-4 |
| Appearance | Grey Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | TiAl |
| Density | 4.0g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 63.9g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-269/25 |
TiAl2 Description:
TiAl2 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTiAl2 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. TiAl2 Powder TiAl2 powder is an intermetallic compound consisting of titanium, aluminum and small amounts of other elements like vanadium or chromium. It has a L10 crystal structure and exhibits properties like high strength, low density, good corrosion resistance and excellent oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. TiAl2 alloys are considered advanced materials suitable for applications in the aerospace, automotive, marine, chemical and power generation industries where operating conditions demand high performance under thermal and mechanical stresses. Some key characteristics of TiAl2 powder include: TiAl2 Powder Composition| Composition | Weight % |
| Titanium (Ti) | 65-67% |
| Aluminum (Al) | 31-32% |
| Vanadium (V) | 1-2% |
| Other elements (Cr, Nb, Mo, Si, Fe, O, N, C) | <1% |
| Property | Details |
| Density | 3.7-4.1 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1460°C |
| Thermal conductivity | ~24 W/m.K |
| Electrical resistivity | 134-143 μΩ.cm |
| Young’s modulus | 170-180 GPa |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.25-0.34 |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 11-13 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Characteristic | Description |
| Particle shape | Spherical, granular |
| Particle size | 15-45 μm |
| Purity | ≥99.5% |
| Oxygen content | ≤0.15% |
| Nitrogen content | ≤0.05% |
| Hydrogen content | ≤0.015% |
| Apparent density | ≥90% of theoretical density |
| Flowability | Excellent |
| Industry | Application | Components |
| Aerospace | Jet engines, airframes | Turbine blades, exhaust parts, landing gear |
| Automotive | Turbochargers, valves, springs | Turbine wheels, exhaust valves, valve springs |
| Chemical | Reactors, heat exchangers | Reactor internals, heat transfer tubes |
| Power generation | Gas turbines | Turbine blades, combustion cans |
| Marine | Propellers, shafts | Propeller blades, drive shafts |
| Parameter | Specification |
| Purity | ≥99.5% TiAl2 |
| Oxygen content | ≤0.15% |
| Nitrogen content | ≤0.05% |
| Hydrogen content | ≤0.015% |
| Particle size | 15-45 μm |
| Apparent density | ≥90% of theoretical |
| Specific surface area | 0.1-0.4 m2/g |
| Morphology | Spherical |
| Grade | Alloying Elements | Characteristics |
| TiAl2 | – | Basic unalloyed |
| TiAl2Cr | Chromium | Higher strength |
| TiAl2V | Vanadium | Improved workability |
| TiAl2Nb | Niobium | Enhanced creep resistance |
| Method | Details |
| Gas atomization | Most common, melts titanium and aluminum, breaks up melt stream using nitrogen or argon gas |
| Plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) | Produces spherical powders from ingot, very high purity |
| Mechanical alloying | Ball milling of titanium and aluminum powders to synthesize TiAl2 alloy |
| Test | Method | Details |
| Composition analysis | ICP-OES, GDMS, LECO analysis | Determines Ti, Al, V, Cr, Fe content |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction | Measures size distribution curve |
| Morphology and structure | SEM | Analyzes particle shape, surface structure |
| Apparent/tap density | Hall flowmeter, tap density tester | Measures powder packing density |
| Powder flowability | Hall flowmeter | Evaluates flow characteristics |
| Oxygen/nitrogen analysis | Inert gas fusion | Measures O and N impurity levels |
| Hydrogen analysis | Inert gas fusion, LECO RH404 | Determines hydrogen content |
| Parameter | TiAl2 | TiAl | Ti3Al |
| Density | Lower | Higher | Medium |
| Strength | Medium | Higher | Lower |
| Ductility | Lower | Medium | Higher |
| Oxidation resistance | Excellent | Good | Medium |
| Cost | Medium | High | Low |
| Uses | Turbines, valves | Turbines, airframes | Springs, fasteners |
Tin Copper Alloy Powder / Nanopowder
Tin Lead Alloy Nanoparticles
Tin Metal Organic Framework
| Product Name |
Tin Metal Organic Framework |
| Stock No. | NCZMOF109 |
| CAS | 7440-31-5 |
| Purity | 99% |
| APS | 30-40µm |
| Molecular Formula | N/A |
| Molecular Weight | 150.71 g/mol |
| Odour | Odorless |
| Color | Blue-black |
| Density | 6.95 g/cm³ |
| Pore Size | ~12.68 Å |
| SSA | 40-80m2/g (BET) |
| Crystallographic Structure | Tetrahedron |
| Solubility | Methanol |
| Application | Gas storage and Sensor application |
Tin nanoparticles powder
Tin nanoparticles
Tin Nanopowder
Nano Tin Powder
Sn Nanopowder
| MF: | Sn |
| Chemical Name: | Tin |
| Purity: | > 99.99% |
| APS: | 50 nm (Size Customization possible) |
| Form: | Nanopowder |
| Product Number: | #NCZ5301 |
| CAS Number | 7440-31-5 |
Tin Oxide nanoparticles powder
Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
Tin Oxide Nanopowder
Nano Tin Oxide powder
| MF: | SnO2 |
| Chemical Name: | Tin Oxide |
| Purity: | > 99.99% |
| APS: | 50 nm (Size Customization possible) |
| Form: | Nanopowder |
| Product Number: | #NCZ5401 |
| CAS Number | 18282-10-5 |
Tin Powder
Tin Powder
Tin Metal Powder
Tin Nanoparticles
Tin Microparticles
| MF: | Sn |
| Chemical Name: | Tin Powder |
| Purity: | >99.99% |
| APS: | 40-50 µm (Size Customization possible) |
| Form: | Micro powder |
| Product Number: | NCZM125 |
| CAS Number | 7440-31-5 |
Tin Sulfide Powder
Tin Sulfide Powder micro and Nano Particle Size range
| Product | Tin Sulfide Powder |
| Formula | SnS |
| Stock No. | NCZM106-19 |
| Purity | ≥99.5% |
| APS | 5- 10 µm (Micro & Nano size range customization available) |
| Form | Brown-black orthorhombic crystal |
| Sn | ~78.8 wt% |
| Melting point | 880 deg C |
| Boiling point | 1230 deg C |
| Density: | 5.22 g/cm3 |
Tin Sulfide Powder
Product Name: Tin Sulfide Powder
| Product | Tin Sulfide Powder |
| CAS No. | 1314-95-0 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 microns (can be customized) |
| Ingredient | SnS2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-AE-224 |
Tin Telluride Powder
Product Name: Tin Telluride Powder
| Product | Tin Telluride Powder |
| CAS No. | 12040-02-7 |
| Appearance | Grey Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 Microns (Can be customized) |
| Ingredient | SnTe |
| Product Code | NCZ-NSC-141/20 |
Tin Telluride Powder Description:
Steady at room temperature and pressure. Avoid light, open flame, high temperature. Do not dissolve in water, with semiconductor properties RELATED INFORMATION Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please email us for the customization. Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of nano and micron size powder as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
Tin(II) Acetate Powder
Tin(II) Acetate Powder
| Product | Tin(II) Acetate Powder |
| CAS No. | 638-39-1 |
| Appearance | Yellowish Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Sn(OOCCH3)2 |
| Density | N/A |
| Molecular Weight | 236.8g/mol |
| Product Code | NCZ-CAS-288/25 |
Tin(II) Acetate Description:
Tin(II) Acetate Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.Tin(II) Acetate Powder Related Information:
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Tin(II) Acetate Sn(OAc)2 CAS #: 638-39-1 Linear Formula: Sn(CH3CO2)2 MDL NumberMFCD00054408 EC No.:211-335-9 Tin(II) Acetate Properties (Theoretical)| Compound Formula | C4H6O4Sn |
| Molecular Weight | 236.8 |
| Appearance | Yellowish Powder |
| Melting Point | 180-182 °C |
| Boiling Point | N/A |
| Density | N/A |
| Solubility in H2O | N/A |
| Exact Mass | 237.929 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 237.929 |
TiNb Alloy Powder
TiNb Alloy Powder
| Product | TiNb Alloy Powder |
| CAS No. | 7440-03-1 |
| Appearance | Silvery Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti-Nb |
| Density | 140.733g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 128.8g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-271/25 |
TiNb Alloy Description:
TiNb Alloy Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTiNb Alloy Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. TiNb Alloy Powder Titanium niobium (TiNb) alloy powder is an advanced material with excellent properties for use in biomedical, aerospace, automotive and other demanding applications. This article provides a comprehensive guide to TiNb alloy powder covering composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, suppliers, costs, handling and more. Introduction to TiNb Alloy Powder TiNb alloy powder is composed of titanium and niobium metals. It offers a unique combination of high strength, low density, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, fatigue and creep resistance at high temperatures. TiNb alloys are part of a broader class of titanium intermetallic materials that have superior physical, chemical and mechanical properties compared to pure titanium. The addition of niobium as an alloying element enhances certain properties and allows tailoring TiNb alloys for specific applications. Some key advantages of TiNb alloy powder include: High strength-to-weight ratio Ability to withstand extreme temperatures and stresses Resists wear, abrasion and corrosion in harsh environments Biocompatible and non-toxic for medical uses Can be processed into complex shapes using additive manufacturing Provides design flexibility for engineers TiNb alloys compete with nickel and cobalt-based superalloys in the aerospace industry. They also offer an alternative to stainless steels for biomedical implants and devices. TiNb alloys are enabling new applications and designs not possible with other materials. This article provides a technical reference covering the composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, costs and other practical aspects of TiNb alloy powder. TiNb Alloy Powder Composition TiNb alloys contain primarily titanium and niobium as the key constituent elements. The niobium content typically ranges from 10% to 50% by weight, with the balance being titanium. The ratio of Ti to Nb can be adjusted to create different grades of TiNb alloys optimized for certain properties. Some common TiNb grades include: Ti-10Nb – 10% niobium, 90% titanium Ti-35Nb – 35% niobium, 65% titanium Ti-45Nb – 45% niobium, 55% titanium Ti-50Nb – 50% niobium, 50% titanium Additionally, small amounts of other elements like zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, chromium may be added to further enhance properties. Oxygen and nitrogen may also be present as impurities. Table 1: Chemical composition of common TiNb alloy grades| Alloy Grade | Niobium Content | Titanium Content |
| Ti-10Nb | 10% | 90% |
| Ti-35Nb | 35% | 65% |
| Ti-45Nb | 45% | 55% |
| Ti-50Nb | 50% | 50% |
| Property | Value |
| Density | 5.2 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1600°C |
| Tensile strength | 650 MPa |
| Yield strength | 550 MPa |
| Elongation | 15% |
| Elastic modulus | 60 GPa |
| Hardness | 250 HV |
| Industry | Applications |
| Aerospace | Engine components, airframe parts, hydraulic systems |
| Automotive | Valve springs, engine valves, connecting rods |
| Biomedical | Implants, dental, surgical instruments, devices |
| Chemical | Heat exchangers, reactors, pumps, valves |
| Other | Sporting goods, watches, electrical contacts, furnace parts |
| Method | Description | Particle Size | Morphology |
| Mechanical alloying | Blending and milling Ti and Nb powders | 10 – 50 microns | Irregular, angular |
| Gas atomization | Inert gas atomization of molten alloy | 15 – 150 microns | Spherical |
| Plasma rotating electrode | Centrifugal disintegration of melted electrode | 50 – 150 microns | Spherical |
| HDH process | Hydriding, dehydriding, crushing blended powders | 10 – 63 microns | Irregular, angular |
| Method | Description | Density | Microstructure | Geometry |
| HIP | High pressure, high temperature | Near full density | Fine | Simple shapes |
| Vacuum sintering | Sintering in vacuum furnace | Near full density | Fine | Simple shapes |
| Spark plasma sintering | Pulsed current and pressure | Full density | Ultrafine | Simple shapes |
| Metal injection molding | Powder + binder molding | Near full density | Ultrafine | Complex shapes |
| Additive manufacturing | Powder bed fusion or directed energy deposition | Near full density | Coarse | Complex shapes |
| Parameter | Specification |
| Alloy composition | Ti-35Nb |
| Particle size | 15 to 45 microns |
| Morphology | Spherical |
| Production method | Gas atomization |
| Purity | Ti >99.5%, Nb >99.8% |
| Oxygen content | <1500 ppm |
| Flow rate | >38 sec/50g |
| Apparent density | ≥ 2.7 g/cc |
| Tap density | ≥ 4.2 g/cc |
| Company | Materials | Production Methods |
| AP&C | Ti, Nb, TiNb alloys | Gas atomization |
| Atlantic Equipment Engineers | Ti, Nb, TiNb alloys | Gas atomization, blending |
| TLS Technik | TiNb alloys | Gas atomization |
| Metal Technology | TiNb alloys | Blended elemental, prealloyed |
| Sandvik Osprey | TiNb alloys | Gas atomization |
| Carpenter Additive | Custom TiNb alloys | Gas atomization |
TiNb Alloy Powder
TiNb Alloy Powder
| Product | TiNb Alloy Powder |
| CAS No. | 12010-55-8 |
| Appearance | Gray-Silver Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti-Nb |
| Density | 4.5-5.5g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-322/25 |
TiNb Alloy Description:
TiNb Alloy Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.TiNb Alloy Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. TiNb Alloy Powder Titanium niobium (TiNb) alloy powder is an advanced material with excellent properties for use in biomedical, aerospace, automotive and other demanding applications. This article provides a comprehensive guide to TiNb alloy powder covering composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, suppliers, costs, handling and more. Introduction to TiNb Alloy Powder TiNb alloy powder is composed of titanium and niobium metals. It offers a unique combination of high strength, low density, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, fatigue and creep resistance at high temperatures. TiNb alloys are part of a broader class of titanium intermetallic materials that have superior physical, chemical and mechanical properties compared to pure titanium. The addition of niobium as an alloying element enhances certain properties and allows tailoring TiNb alloys for specific applications. Some key advantages of TiNb alloy powder include: High strength-to-weight ratio Ability to withstand extreme temperatures and stresses Resists wear, abrasion and corrosion in harsh environments Biocompatible and non-toxic for medical uses Can be processed into complex shapes using additive manufacturing Provides design flexibility for engineers TiNb alloys compete with nickel and cobalt-based superalloys in the aerospace industry. They also offer an alternative to stainless steels for biomedical implants and devices. TiNb alloys are enabling new applications and designs not possible with other materials. This article provides a technical reference covering the composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, costs and other practical aspects of TiNb alloy powder. TiNb Alloy Powder Composition TiNb alloys contain primarily titanium and niobium as the key constituent elements. The niobium content typically ranges from 10% to 50% by weight, with the balance being titanium. The ratio of Ti to Nb can be adjusted to create different grades of TiNb alloys optimized for certain properties. Some common TiNb grades include: Ti-10Nb – 10% niobium, 90% titanium Ti-35Nb – 35% niobium, 65% titanium Ti-45Nb – 45% niobium, 55% titanium Ti-50Nb – 50% niobium, 50% titanium Additionally, small amounts of other elements like zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, chromium may be added to further enhance properties. Oxygen and nitrogen may also be present as impurities. Table 1: Chemical composition of common TiNb alloy grades| Alloy Grade | Niobium Content | Titanium Content |
| Ti-10Nb | 10% | 90% |
| Ti-35Nb | 35% | 65% |
| Ti-45Nb | 45% | 55% |
| Ti-50Nb | 50% | 50% |
| Property | Value |
| Density | 5.2 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1600°C |
| Tensile strength | 650 MPa |
| Yield strength | 550 MPa |
| Elongation | 15% |
| Elastic modulus | 60 GPa |
| Hardness | 250 HV |
| Industry | Applications |
| Aerospace | Engine components, airframe parts, hydraulic systems |
| Automotive | Valve springs, engine valves, connecting rods |
| Biomedical | Implants, dental, surgical instruments, devices |
| Chemical | Heat exchangers, reactors, pumps, valves |
| Other | Sporting goods, watches, electrical contacts, furnace parts |
| Method | Description | Particle Size | Morphology |
| Mechanical alloying | Blending and milling Ti and Nb powders | 10 – 50 microns | Irregular, angular |
| Gas atomization | Inert gas atomization of molten alloy | 15 – 150 microns | Spherical |
| Plasma rotating electrode | Centrifugal disintegration of melted electrode | 50 – 150 microns | Spherical |
| HDH process | Hydriding, dehydriding, crushing blended powders | 10 – 63 microns | Irregular, angular |
| Method | Description | Density | Microstructure | Geometry |
| HIP | High pressure, high temperature | Near full density | Fine | Simple shapes |
| Vacuum sintering | Sintering in vacuum furnace | Near full density | Fine | Simple shapes |
| Spark plasma sintering | Pulsed current and pressure | Full density | Ultrafine | Simple shapes |
| Metal injection molding | Powder + binder molding | Near full density | Ultrafine | Complex shapes |
| Additive manufacturing | Powder bed fusion or directed energy deposition | Near full density | Coarse | Complex shapes |
| Parameter | Specification |
| Alloy composition | Ti-35Nb |
| Particle size | 15 to 45 microns |
| Morphology | Spherical |
| Production method | Gas atomization |
| Purity | Ti >99.5%, Nb >99.8% |
| Oxygen content | <1500 ppm |
| Flow rate | >38 sec/50g |
| Apparent density | ≥ 2.7 g/cc |
| Tap density | ≥ 4.2 g/cc |
| Parameter | Guidelines |
| Storage | Sealed containers, dry inert atmosphere |
| Atmosphere | Avoid oxygen, moisture, oils, combustibles |
| Equipment | Ground all conductive equipment |
| Tools | Use non-sparking tools |
| Ventilation | Grounded ventilation system |
| PPE | Gloves, respiratory protection |
| Precautions | Avoid heat, flames, sparks |
| Shelf life | 12 months in inert atmosphere |
| Safety Item | Precautions |
| PPE | Gloves, goggles, N95 mask |
| Inhalation | Use respiratory protection |
| Skin contact | Wash affected area with soap and water |
| Eye contact | Flush eyes with water for 15 minutes |
| Ingestion | Drink water. Get medical help if needed. |
| Ventilation | Use grounded ventilation hoods |
| Grounding | Ground all equipment during handling |
| Ignition | Avoid sparks, flames, heat sources |
| Storage | Inert atmosphere away from flammable materials |
| Test | Method | Standard |
| Composition | ICP, GDMS, LECO | ASTM E1479, ASTM E2330 |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction, sieving | ASTM B822 |
| Morphology | SEM imaging | ASTM B822 |
| Flow rate | Hall flow meter | ASTM B213 |
| Density | Scott volumeter | ASTM B212 |
| Oxygen/Nitrogen | Inert gas fusion | ASTM E1019 |
| Phase analysis | X-ray diffraction | ASTM E1876 |
TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder
TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder
| Product | TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder |
| CAS No. | N/A |
| Appearance | Silvery-Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | ZrTi |
| Density | 6.5g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/a |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-272/25 |
TiNbZrSn Alloy Description:
TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTiNbZrSn Alloy Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder TiNbZrSn alloy powder is an advanced composite material with exceptional properties making it suitable for a wide range of demanding applications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of TiNbZrSn powder including its composition, characteristics, production methods, applications, suppliers, and more. TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder Composition TiNbZrSn alloy powder consists of the following elements:| Element | Weight % |
| Titanium (Ti) | 35-40% |
| Niobium (Nb) | 35-40% |
| Zirconium (Zr) | 5-10% |
| Tin (Sn) | 5-10% |
| Property | Description |
| High strength | Yields strength over 1400 MPa, on par with advanced aerospace alloys |
| Low density | Density around 6.5 g/cm3, much lower than steel |
| Excellent elasticity | Young’s modulus around 100 GPa, enabling flexibility |
| High hardness | Vickers hardness over 450 HV, better abrasion resistance than stainless steel |
| Good corrosion resistance | Resists corrosion in harsh environments |
| Biocompatibility | Non-toxic and suitable for medical implants |
| High melting point | Melting above 2500°C making it viable for high temperature applications |
| Method | Description |
| Gas atomization | Molten alloy sprayed into fine droplets which solidify into powder |
| Plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) | Electrode rotates rapidly in plasma arc to disintegrate into powder |
| Hydride-dehydride (HDH) | Alloy is hydrogenated, mechanically crushed into powder, then de-hydrogenated |
| Industry | Application |
| Aerospace | Aircraft and rocket engine components, space systems |
| Automotive | Valve springs, fasteners, actuators |
| Medical | Implants, prosthetics, devices |
| Defense | Armor, munitions, ballistics |
| Additive manufacturing | 3D printed parts with high strength |
| Chemical processing | Corrosion resistant vessels, piping |
| Attribute | Details |
| Particle sizes | 15-45 microns, 45-106 microns, 106-250 microns |
| Particle shape | Spherical, irregular |
| Purity | Up to 99.9% |
| Oxygen content | Under 2000 ppm |
| Powder grades | Grade 5, 23, 23 ELI |
| Supply form | Loose powder, sintered preforms |
| Parameter | Method | Acceptance Criteria |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction, sieving | Meets specified range |
| Particle shape | SEM imaging | Spherical, smooth surfaces |
| Particle chemistry | EDX/EDS, ICP-OES | Conforms to specified composition |
| Oxygen/nitrogen | Inert gas fusion | Under 2000 ppm oxygen |
| Apparent density | Hall flowmeter | Better flow for higher density |
| Flow rate | Hall flowmeter | Flows freely through aperture |
| Test | Method | Purpose |
| Compressibility | Uniaxial pressing | Assess compaction response |
| Green strength | Transverse rupture strength | Measure strength before sintering |
| Density after sintering | Dimensional measurement | Ensure full consolidation |
| Microstructure | Optical microscopy, SEM | Assess melting, porosity, grains |
| Hardness | Vickers/Rockwell tests | Verify mechanical properties |
| Tensile strength | ASTM E8 | Measure UTS, yield, elongation |
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio | Expensive compared to common alloys |
| Higher elasticity than other high-strength alloys | Lower ductility than titanium alloys |
| Excellent hardness and wear resistance | Requires careful handling due to reactivity |
| Resists corrosion in harsh environments | Difficult to machine and grind |
| Biocompatible for medical uses | Limited suppliers and availability |
| Withstands extremely high temperatures | Needs hot isostatic pressing for full consolidation |
TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder
TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder
| Product | TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder |
| CAS No. | N/A |
| Appearance | Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | ZrTi |
| Density | 6.5g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-323/25 |
TiNbZrSn Alloy Description:
TiNb Alloy Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder TiNbZrSn alloy powder is an advanced composite material with exceptional properties making it suitable for a wide range of demanding applications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of TiNbZrSn powder including its composition, characteristics, production methods, applications, suppliers, and more. TiNbZrSn Alloy Powder Composition TiNbZrSn alloy powder consists of the following elements:| Element | Weight % |
| Titanium (Ti) | 35-40% |
| Niobium (Nb) | 35-40% |
| Zirconium (Zr) | 5-10% |
| Tin (Sn) | 5-10% |
| Property | Description |
| High strength | Yields strength over 1400 MPa, on par with advanced aerospace alloys |
| Low density | Density around 6.5 g/cm3, much lower than steel |
| Excellent elasticity | Young’s modulus around 100 GPa, enabling flexibility |
| High hardness | Vickers hardness over 450 HV, better abrasion resistance than stainless steel |
| Good corrosion resistance | Resists corrosion in harsh environments |
| Biocompatibility | Non-toxic and suitable for medical implants |
| High melting point | Melting above 2500°C making it viable for high temperature applications |
| Method | Description |
| Gas atomization | Molten alloy sprayed into fine droplets which solidify into powder |
| Plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) | Electrode rotates rapidly in plasma arc to disintegrate into powder |
| Hydride-dehydride (HDH) | Alloy is hydrogenated, mechanically crushed into powder, then de-hydrogenated |
| Industry | Application |
| Aerospace | Aircraft and rocket engine components, space systems |
| Automotive | Valve springs, fasteners, actuators |
| Medical | Implants, prosthetics, devices |
| Defense | Armor, munitions, ballistics |
| Additive manufacturing | 3D printed parts with high strength |
| Chemical processing | Corrosion resistant vessels, piping |
| Attribute | Details |
| Particle sizes | 15-45 microns, 45-106 microns, 106-250 microns |
| Particle shape | Spherical, irregular |
| Purity | Up to 99.9% |
| Oxygen content | Under 2000 ppm |
| Powder grades | Grade 5, 23, 23 ELI |
| Supply form | Loose powder, sintered preforms |
| Parameter | Method | Acceptance Criteria |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction, sieving | Meets specified range |
| Particle shape | SEM imaging | Spherical, smooth surfaces |
| Particle chemistry | EDX/EDS, ICP-OES | Conforms to specified composition |
| Oxygen/nitrogen | Inert gas fusion | Under 2000 ppm oxygen |
| Apparent density | Hall flowmeter | Better flow for higher density |
| Flow rate | Hall flowmeter | Flows freely through aperture |
| Test | Method | Purpose |
| Compressibility | Uniaxial pressing | Assess compaction response |
| Green strength | Transverse rupture strength | Measure strength before sintering |
| Density after sintering | Dimensional measurement | Ensure full consolidation |
| Microstructure | Optical microscopy, SEM | Assess melting, porosity, grains |
| Hardness | Vickers/Rockwell tests | Verify mechanical properties |
| Tensile strength | ASTM E8 | Measure UTS, yield, elongation |
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio | Expensive compared to common alloys |
| Higher elasticity than other high-strength alloys | Lower ductility than titanium alloys |
| Excellent hardness and wear resistance | Requires careful handling due to reactivity |
| Resists corrosion in harsh environments | Difficult to machine and grind |
| Biocompatible for medical uses | Limited suppliers and availability |
| Withstands extremely high temperatures | Needs hot isostatic pressing for full consolidation |
Titanate-Lithium Titanium Oxide Nanopowder
Product Name: Lithium Titanate-Lithium Titanium Oxide Nanopowder
Please email us for the customization.
Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Please contact us for customization and price inquiry
Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
Titanate-Lithium Titanium Oxide Nanopowder
| Product | Titanate-Lithium Titanium Oxide Nanopowder |
| Colour | White |
| Purity | ≥ 99.99% |
| Particle size | 1-10 µM(customizable) |
| Ingredient/MF | Li4Ti5O12 |
| Product Code | NCZ-CK-189/20 |
| CAS Number | 12031-82-2/ 12031-95-7 |
Titanium Alloy Powder
Titanium Alloy Powder
| Product | Titanium Alloy Powder |
| CAS No. | 12743-70-3 |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti-6Al-4V |
| Density | 4.43g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-260/25 |
Titanium Alloy Description:
Titanium Alloy Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTitanium Alloy Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Titanium Alloy Powder Low oxygen pure titanium powder is the basis of powder metallurgy titanium production, is also one of the company’s leading products. At present, the company through HDH process, and oxygen control technology, the production of high-end ultra-fine low-oxygen pure titanium powder in the international leading position in the indicators, with the characteristics of ultrafine powder size, ultra-low oxygen content, low impurities, to achieve the large-scale production of high-end low-oxygen pure titanium powder. Low oxygen pure titanium powder is the basis of powder metallurgy titanium production, is also one of the company’s leading products. At present, the company through HDH process, and oxygen control technology, the production of high-end ultra-fine low-oxygen pure Titanium Alloy Powder in the international leading position in the indicators, with the characteristics of ultrafine powder size, ultra-low oxygen content, low impurities, to achieve the large-scale production of high-end low-oxygen pure titanium powder. It can produce a variety of titanium powder products, such as 150μm, 75μm, 45μm, 10μm, 3μm and so on, with oxygen content reduced by 50% compared with conventional commercial products. The high-end ultra-fine low-oxygen pure titanium powder produced by the company has been listed as a qualified supplier of titanium powder in China’s first nuclear chemical project. At present, the domestic market share of our high-end low-oxygen pure titanium powder is more than 70%. Product Specification| Pure titanium powder | Mesh | Particle size≤ | PSD | Element（%）＜ | |||||||||
| D10 | D50 | D90 | Fe | Cl | Mg | Mn | Si | C | N | H | O | ||
| -100mesh | 150μm | 45-50 | 90-95 | 135-140 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.13 |
| -200mesh | 75μm | 18-23 | 38-45 | 65-70 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.16 |
| -325mesh | 45μm | 10-15 | 26-31 | 46-51 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.2 |
Titanium Aluminide Powder
Product Name: Titanium Aluminide Powder
| Product | Titanium aluminide Powder |
| CAS No. | 39410-63-4 |
| Appearance | White Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 Microns (Can be customized) |
| Ingredient | Ti3Al |
| Product Code | NCZ-NSC-284/20 |
Titanium Aluminide Powder Description:
Titanium aluminide is used in aircraft turbine engines, exhaust valves, and turbochargers for passenger vehicle engines, the intermediate processes for some mill products.Related Information:
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light, and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
Titanium Aluminium Vanadium Alloy Powder
Titanium Aluminium Vanadium Ti-6Al-4V powder spherical
Titanium Aluminium Vanadium Ti-6Al-4V powder spherical
Key Words: Ti-6-4; UNS R56400; ASTM Grade 5 titanium; UNS R56401 (ELI); Ti6Al4V, biomaterials, biomedical implants, biocompatibility, Laser Cladding, 3D Printing
| Product | Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), Annealed |
| MF | Ti-6Al-4V |
| Item Code | NCZ-AM-103-19 |
| CAS Number | 12743-70-3 |
| Particle Size | 45-75 Micron (Customization is available) |
| Composition: | Ti/6Al/4V |
| Purity | 98% to 99.99% |
Titanium Aluminum Alloy Powder
Titanium Aluminum Alloy Powder
Product Name: Titanium Aluminum Alloy Powder
| Product | Titanium Aluminum Alloy Powder |
| Colour | White |
| Purity | ≥ 99.9% |
| Particle size | 1-10 µM (customizable) |
| Ingredient/MF | Ti-Al |
| Product Code | NCZ-CS-142/20 |
| CAS Number | 7440-32-6 / 7429-90-5 |
Titanium Aluminum Alloy Powder Description:
Titanium aluminide, TiAl, is an intermetallic chemical compound. It is lightweight and resistant to oxidation and heat. However, it suffers from low ductility. The development of TiAl based alloys began about 1970; however, the alloys have only been used in these applications since about 2000. Titanium aluminide has three major intermetallic compounds: gamma TiAl, alpha 2-Ti3Al, and TiAl3. Among the three, gamma TiAl has received the most interest and applications. Gamma TiAl has excellent mechanical properties and oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures (over 600 degrees Celsius).Titanium Aluminum Alloy Powder Application:
- It finds use in several applications including automobiles and aircraft
- TiAl based alloys have a strong potential to increase the thrust-to-weight ratio in the aircraft engine.
Titanium Aluminum Carbide Maxene Powder
Titanium Aluminum Carbide Maxene Powder
Product Name: Titanium Aluminum Carbide Maxene Powder| Product | Titanium Aluminum Carbide Maxene Powder |
| CAS No. | 12537-81-4 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 Microns (Can be customized) |
| Ingredient | Ti3AlC2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-AE-167 |
Description of Titanium Aluminum Carbide Maxene Powder:
There is a large family of ternary carbides (ternary is an adjective meaning 'composed of three') with the general formula Mn+1AXn, where n = 1–3, M denotes a transition metal, A is an element such as Aluminum or silicon, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. Researchers have termed these ductile and machine able ceramics MAX phases. MXenes, discovered in 2011, are ceramics that comprise one of the largest families of two-dimensional materials. MXenes are made from a bulk crystal called MAX. Unlike most 2D ceramics, MXenes have inherently good conductivity because they are molecular sheets made from the carbides and nitrides of transition metals like titanium. This gives them exciting potential in next-generation energy storage applications. Titanium Aluminum Carbide Maxene Powder of Application： Maxenes and MXenes-based nanocomposites have been widely used in nano-adsorption, biosensors, ion sieving, catalysis, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, lubrication, and many other fields. RELATED INFORMATION Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please email us for the customization. Email: contact@nanochemazone.com
Titanium Aluminum TA7 Powder
Titanium Aluminum TA7 Powder
| Product | Titanium Aluminum TA7 Powder |
| CAS No. | N/A |
| Appearance | Metallic Gray to Dark Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti-Al |
| Density | 4.5-2.7g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 46.5g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-273/25 |
Titanium Aluminum TA7 Description:
Titanium Aluminum TA7 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTitanium Aluminum TA7 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Titanium aluminum TA7 powder TA7 powder belongs to the family of titanium aluminides, which are intermetallic compounds composed of titanium and aluminum. This unique powder exhibits exceptional strength, lightweight characteristics, and high-temperature stability, making it an attractive choice for numerous engineering applications. Overview of Titanium Aluminum TA7 Powder TA7 belongs to the titanium-aluminide intermetallic alloy system combining the lightweight properties of aluminum with the strength and corrosion resistance of titanium. The near-equiatomic ratio of Ti and Al provides an excellent balance of properties for elevated temperature applications. Key characteristics of TA7 powder include: Very high specific strength (strength-to-weight ratio) Excellent high temperature tensile and creep strength Low density compared to nickel or steel alloys Good corrosion resistance in various environments Available in range of particle sizes and morphologies TA7 powder has emerged as an excellent choice for reducing weight and improving efficiency in aerospace engines and airframes operating at high temperatures. Chemical Composition of TA7 Powder TA7 powder has the following nominal composition:| Element | Weight % |
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
| Aluminum (Al) | 7% |
| Tin (Sn) | 2-5% |
| Zirconium (Zr) | 1-4% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.5% max |
| Carbon (C) | 0.1% max |
| Oxygen (O) | 0.13% max |
| Property | Value |
| Density | 3.7-4.0 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1460°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 6.7 W/mK |
| Electrical Resistivity | 1.78 μΩ.cm |
| Young’s Modulus | 110 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.32 |
| Tensile Strength | 800 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 760 MPa |
| Elongation | 1-2% |
| Creep Resistance | 190 MPa at 700°C |
| Parameter | TA7 | Inconel 718 |
| Density | 3.7-4.0 g/cm3 | 8.2 g/cm3 |
| High temperature strength | Comparable | Comparable |
| Oxidation resistance | Better | Good |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
| Workability | Poor | Excellent |
| Applications | Aerospace components | Aerospace, automotive |
| Availability | Low | Readily available |
Titanium And Aluminum TA7 Powder
Titanium And Aluminum TA7 Powder
| Product | Titanium And Aluminum TA7 Powder |
| CAS No. | 7440-32-6 |
| Appearance | Gray or Metallic Silver |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti-Al |
| Density | 3.7-4.0g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | N/A |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-324/25 |
Titanium And Aluminum TA7 Description:
TTitanium And Aluminum TA7 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.Titanium And Aluminum TA7 Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Titanium and aluminum TA7 powder TA7 powder belongs to the family of titanium aluminides, which are intermetallic compounds composed of titanium and aluminum. This unique powder exhibits exceptional strength, lightweight characteristics, and high-temperature stability, making it an attractive choice for numerous engineering applications. Overview of Titanium and Aluminum TA7 Powder TA7 belongs to the titanium-aluminide intermetallic alloy system combining the lightweight properties of aluminum with the strength and corrosion resistance of titanium. The near-equiatomic ratio of Ti and Al provides an excellent balance of properties for elevated temperature applications. Key characteristics of TA7 powder include: Very high specific strength (strength-to-weight ratio) Excellent high temperature tensile and creep strength Low density compared to nickel or steel alloys Good corrosion resistance in various environments Available in range of particle sizes and morphologies TA7 powder has emerged as an excellent choice for reducing weight and improving efficiency in aerospace engines and airframes operating at high temperatures. Chemical Composition of TA7 Powder TA7 powder has the following nominal composition:| Element | Weight % |
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
| Aluminum (Al) | 7% |
| Tin (Sn) | 2-5% |
| Zirconium (Zr) | 1-4% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.5% max |
| Carbon (C) | 0.1% max |
| Oxygen (O) | 0.13% max |
| Property | Value |
| Density | 3.7-4.0 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1460°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 6.7 W/mK |
| Electrical Resistivity | 1.78 μΩ.cm |
| Young’s Modulus | 110 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.32 |
| Tensile Strength | 800 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 760 MPa |
| Elongation | 1-2% |
| Creep Resistance | 190 MPa at 700°C |
| Parameter | TA7 | Inconel 718 |
| Density | 3.7-4.0 g/cm3 | 8.2 g/cm3 |
| High temperature strength | Comparable | Comparable |
| Oxidation resistance | Better | Good |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
| Workability | Poor | Excellent |
| Applications | Aerospace components | Aerospace, automotive |
| Availability | Low | Readily available |
Titanium Based Metal Powder
Titanium Based Metal Powder
| Product | Titanium Based Metal Powder |
| CAS No. | 7440-32-6 |
| Appearance | Light Gray Powder |
| Purity | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available) |
| APS | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | Ti |
| Density | 4.51g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 47.90g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-DCY-268/25 |
Titanium Based Metal Description:
Titanium Based Metal Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTitanium Based Metal Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Ti6Al4V Powder Titanium Based Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing Ti6Al4V powder for 3D printing price list :| Metal Powder | Size | Quantity | Price/kg | Size | Quantity | Price/kg |
| TiAl6V4 gr.23 | 20-63μm | 1KG | 138 | 0-45μm | 1KG | 144 |
| 10KG | 109 | 10KG | 124 | |||
| 100KG | 105 | 100KG | 117 |
| Properties | Details |
| Composition | Ti-6Al-4V alloy |
| Density | 4.43 g/cc |
| Particle shape | Predominantly spherical |
| Size range | 15-45 microns |
| Apparent density | Up to 60% of true density |
| Flowability | Good |
| Strength | High for a titanium alloy |
| Corrosion resistance | Excellent |
| Element | Weight % |
| Titanium | Balance |
| Aluminum | 5.5-6.75% |
| Vanadium | 3.5-4.5% |
| Oxygen | <0.2% |
| Carbon | <0.1% |
| Nitrogen | <0.05% |
| Hydrogen | <0.015% |
| Iron | <0.3% |
| Property | Values |
| Density | 4.43 g/cc |
| Melting point | 1604-1660°C |
| Thermal conductivity | 6.7 W/mK |
| Electrical resistivity | 170 μΩ-cm |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 8.4 x 10^-6 /K |
| Maximum service temperature | 400°C |
| Property | Values |
| Tensile strength | 950 – 1050 MPa |
| Yield strength | 860 – 950 MPa |
| Elongation | 10 – 18% |
| Hardness | 330 – 380 HB |
| Modulus of elasticity | 110 – 120 GPa |
| Fatigue strength | 400 – 500 MPa |
| Industry | Uses |
| Aerospace | Structural airframe parts, engine components |
| Biomedical | Orthopedic and dental implants |
| Automotive | Connecting rods, valves, springs |
| Chemical | Tanks, vessels, heat exchangers |
| Consumer | Sporting goods, watch cases, cellphone bodies |
| 3D Printing | Aerospace and medical components |
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM): SLM is a powder bed fusion (PBF) technique that employs a high-power laser to selectively melt and fuse fine layers of Ti6Al4V powder. This method produces high-density, high-strength parts with complex geometries.
- Electron Beam Melting (EBM): EBM is another PBF technique that utilizes a focused electron beam to melt Ti6Al4V powder. It is known for its ability to produce parts with excellent surface quality and fine features.
- Directed Energy Deposition (DED): DED is an additive manufacturing process that deposits material through a nozzle while simultaneously melting it with a laser or electron beam. Ti6Al4V powder can be used in DED to create large-scale, near-net-shape components.
- Binder Jetting (BJ): BJ is a PBF technique that uses a liquid binder to selectively adhere Ti6Al4V powder particles together. The unbound powder is then removed, leaving a pre-formed part that is sintered to achieve full density.
| Standard | Description |
| ASTM F2924 | Additive manufacturing Ti6Al4V alloy |
| ASTM F3001 | Specs for gas atomized Ti alloy powder for AM |
| AMS 4954 | Composition limits of Ti-6Al-4V powder for additive manufacturing |
| ASTM B348 | Specs for Ti and Ti alloy powders |
| ASTM F1472 | Wrought Ti6Al4V alloy for surgical implants |
| Particle Size | Characteristics |
| 15-45 microns | General purpose size range |
| 45-100 microns | Optimized for cold spraying |
| 5-25 microns | Finer sizes used in laser AM processes |
| Apparent Density | Details |
| Up to 60% of true density | For spherical powder morphology |
| 2.6 – 3.0 g/cc | Improves with greater packing density |
| Method | Details |
| Gas atomization | High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets |
| Vacuum arc melting | High purity input materials refined and melted in vacuum |
| Multiple remelts | Improves chemical homogeneity |
| Sieving | Classifies powder into different particle size fractions |
| Recommendation | Reason |
| Avoid inhalation | Due to risk of lung tissue damage from fine particles |
| Use protective mask | Prevent accidental ingestion |
| Handle in ventilated areas | Reduce airborne particle suspension |
| Ensure no ignition sources | Powder can combust in oxygen atmosphere |
| Follow anti-static protocols | Prevent fire from static discharge while handling |
| Store sealed containers in cool, dry area | Prevent moisture pickup and reactivity |
| Test | Details |
| Chemical analysis | ICP spectroscopy used to verify composition |
| Particle size distribution | Laser diffraction used to determine size distribution |
| Apparent density | Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212 |
| Powder morphology | SEM imaging to check particle sphericity |
| Flow rate analysis | Using Hall flowmeter funnel |
| Tap density test | Density measured after mechanically tapping powder sample |
| Parameter | Ti6Al4V | Ti64 | Ti Grade 2 |
| Aluminum | 6% | 6% | – |
| Vanadium | 4% | 4% | – |
| Strength | 950-1050 MPa | 950-1050 MPa | 420-550 MPa |
| Ductility | 10-18% | 10-18% | 15-30% |
| Cost | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| Uses | Aerospace, medical | Aerospace, automotive | Industrial, consumer |
Titanium Boride Micro Powder
Product Name: Titanium Boride Micro Powder
| Product Name | Titanium Boride Micro Powder |
| Catalog No. | NCZ-NSC307/20 |
| CAS No. | 12045-63-5 |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 3µm, 500µm (Customizable) |
| Molecular Formula | TiB2 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Color | Gray Powder |
| Density | 4.52 g/mL |
| Melting Point | 2980 °C |
Titanium Boride Micro Powder Description:
Titanium Boride Micro is electrical conductivity composite materials--Electrical conduction boron nitride named evaporation boat made by titanium diboride and boron nitride is the primary member for vacuum aluminizing equipment; Ceramic cutting tools and their components--Titanium diboride ceramic is used for metal wortles, extrusion dies, sandblasting nozzles, potted components and cutting tools; Composite ceramic materials--It could be used as multi-element composite materials’ important constituent element.
It can be made up of cutting tools’ composite materials with TIC, TIN, or SIC. And it is as a component to make armor protection materials.
It is the best materials for thermostability components and function devices; Aluminium electrolysis’ cathode materials--Because of the good wet ability of TIB2 and metal aluminum liquid.
It makes the electrolytic aluminum’s power consumption low, then the electrolytic bath's life will belong.
It may also make up PIC exothermic materials and flexibility PIC materials, and it is the intensify reagent of the metal materials such as Al, Fe, and Cu. Products Performance:
It is a new ceramic material. And it has excellent physical and chemical performance. Such as a high melting point ( 2980 °C), high hardness ( 34 GPa), and its density is 4.52 g/cm3.
It could stand wear and tear, also resist acid-alkali. Its electric performance is good (P=14.4μΩ.cm), heat-conducting property is strong (25J/m.s.k).
And it has excellent chemical stability and thermal shock resistant performance.
Titanium diboride and its composite materials are innovative and high technology materials that were widely concerned and putative that have promotional value and application prospects.
Titanium Boride Micro Powder Related Information:
Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.
Titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene freestanding thin films
Product Name: Ti3C2 Titanium carbide freestanding thin films
Ti3C2 Mxene thin films
| Product | Titanium carbide (Ti3C2) freestanding thin films |
| Colour | Black wafer |
| Thickness | 5-10 µm |
| Diameter | ≈45 mm |
| Product Code | NCZ-MX-103 |
Titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene freestanding thin films APPLICATION FIELDS
Flexible electronic devices (sensors, capacitors), flexible batteries, etc. It also can be used to deposit other materials as composite materials and separation membranes for seawater separation.Titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene freestanding thin films RELATED INFORMATION
Storage Conditions: Sealed, avoid light, Argon protection, and keep dry at room temperature. Expiry date: Three months.
Titanium Carbide Powder
Product Name: Titanium Carbide Powder
| Product | Titanium Carbide Powder |
| CAS No. | 12070-08-5 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 microns (can be customized) |
| Ingredient | TiC |
| Product Code | NCZ-AE-208 |
Titanium Carbide Powder
Titanium Carbide Powder
Product Name: Titanium Carbide Powder
| Product | Titanium Carbide Powder |
| Colour | Grey |
| Purity | ≥ 99.9% |
| Particle size | 1-10 µM (customizable) |
| Ingredient/MF | TiC |
| Product Code | NCZ-C-106/20 |
| CAS Number | 12070-08-5 |
Titanium Carbide Powder Description :
Titanium Carbide (TIC) is a Gray metallic powder with a cubic system structure. With high-wear resistance, perfect corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance, As hardness material, it’s widely used as the thermal spray coating powder material, the welding material, the flinty membranous material, the military aviation material, the hard alloy, and the cermet. Titanium carbide, TiC, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9-9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It has the appearance of black powder with the sodium chloride (face-centered cubic) crystal structure. Also, the product has good conductivity and chemical inert ability to steel and ironApplication of Titanium Carbide TiC:
1. The carbide is mainly used in the manufacturing of cermet, heat-resistant alloy, and cemented carbide due to its high melting point, high hardness, and good chemical stability.- Applies in the spray coating material, the welding material, the flinty membranous material, the military aviation material, the hard alloy, and the cermet.
- Used in the preparation of cermets, which are frequently used to machine steel materials at high cutting speed.
- Used as an abrasion-resistant surface coating on metal parts, such as tool bits and watch mechanisms.
- Used as a heat shield coating for atmospheric reentry of spacecraft.
Titanium Carbide Tungsten Carbide Alloy Nanopowder
TiC-WC Alloy Nanoparticles/Nanopowder (Particle Size Less than ≤ 80 nm, 99.9%)
Titanium Carbide Tungsten Carbide Alloy Nanopowder
| Product Formula | TiC: WC |
| Product Number | NCZ-A-143-19 |
| CAS Number | 12070-08-5/12070-12-1 |
| Molecular Weight | 255.72 g/moL |
| APS | ≤ 80 nm (can be customized) |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| Color | Gray |
| Form | Nanopowder |
Note: We can manufacture and supply different particle sizes (Nano size range, Micron, Submicron and different Mesh size) products of Alloy powders (Multi Element, Multi Element Oxide and Mixture of Rare Earth Elements) according to client’s requirements. Kindly ask for the customization in size and Element ratio composition.
Titanium Dioxide Anatase Powder
Product Name: Titanium Dioxide Anatase Powder
| Product | Titanium Dioxide Anatase Powder |
| CAS No. | 13463-67-7 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 Microns (Can be customized) |
| Ingredient | TiO2 Anatase |
| Product Code | NCZ-AE-129 |
Titanium Dioxide Dispersions
| MF: | TiO2 |
| Chemical Name: | Titanium Dioxide Dispersion Rutile |
| Purity: | >99.99% |
| APS: | 15-30 nm (Size Customization possible) |
| Form: | Nano dispersion |
| Product Number: | NCZD2901 |
| CAS Number | 13463-67-7 |
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Dispersion
| MF: | TiO2 |
| Chemical Name: | Titanium Dioxide Dispersion Anatase |
| Purity: | >99.99% |
| APS: | 15-30 nm (Size Customization possible) |
| Form: | Nano dispersion |
| Product Number: | NCZD2902 |
| CAS Number | 13463-67-7 |
Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
Titanium Dioxide Nanowire
| MF: | TiO2 |
| Chemical Name: | Titanium Dioxide Nanowire |
| Purity: | > 99.99% |
| Diameter: | 50-100 nm (Customization is possible) |
| Length: | 80 µm (Customization is possible) |
| Form: | Nanowire |
| Product Number: | NCZW119 |
| CAS Number | 13463-67-7 |
Titanium Dioxide Paste
Titanium Dioxide Paste
| Linear Formula: | TiO2 |
| Chemical Name: | Titanium Dioxide Paste |
| Purity: | >99.99% |
| Molecular Weight | 79.9378 g/mol |
| Melting Point | 1843 °C |
| Product Number: | NCZ-P-102 |
| Appearance: | White to Yellow Paste |
| CAS Number: | 13463-67-7 |
Titanium Dioxide Powder
Product Name: Titanium Dioxide Powder
| Product |
Titanium Dioxide Powder |
| Colour | white |
| Purity | ≥ 99.9% |
| Particle size | 1-10µM (customizable) |
| Ingredient/MF | TiO2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-CS-141/20 |
| CAS Number | 13463-67-7 |
Titanium Dioxide Powder
Titanium Dioxide Powder
| Product | Titanium Dioxide Powder |
| CAS No. | 13463-67-7 |
| Appearance | White Powder |
| Purity  | ≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95% (Other purities are also available) |
| APS   | 1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range. |
| Ingredient | TiO2 |
| Density | 3.9-4.5g/cm3 |
| Molecular Weight | 76.866g/mol |
| Product Codes | NCZ-MNO-125/25 |
Titanium Dioxide Description:
Titanium Dioxide Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricingTitanium Dioxide Powder Related Information :
Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. TS1944 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Thermal Spray Powder| Catalog No. | NCZ-MNO-125/25 |
| Material | TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2-Nb2O5, TiO2-Cr2O3 |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Plasma generator | Plasma Gas Ar(SLPM) | Plasma Gas H₂(SLPM) | Current(A) | Spray Distance(mm) |
| F4 | 45 | 12 | 600 | 120 |
| Product | Item | Compositions (wt. %) | Particle size(μm) | Melting point(ºC) | Hardness of coating |
| TiO2 | TNS5331 | TiO2≥98.0, other oxide<2.0 | -98 +44 | 1920 | HRC:50~55 |
| -74 +38 | |||||
| -53 +15 | |||||
| -44 +10 | |||||
| -38 +5 | |||||
| TiO2-ZrO2-Nb2O5 | TNS5332 | ZrO2:20.0, Nb2O5:3.0, TiO2: balance | -98 +44 | N/A | N/A |
| -74 +38 | |||||
| -53 +15 | |||||
| -44 +10 | |||||
| -38 +5 | |||||
| TiO2-Cr2O3 | TNS5322 | Cr2O3:45.0, TiO2: balance | -98 +44 | 2300 | HRC:55~65 |
| -74 +38 | |||||
| -53 +15 | |||||
| -44 +10 | |||||
| -38 +5 |
Titanium Dioxide Ultrafine Titania Powder
Product Name: Titanium Dioxide Ultrafine Titania Powder
| Product | Titanium Dioxide Ultrafine Titania Powder |
| CAS No. | 13463-67-7 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Purity | 99.9% |
| APS | 1 – 5 microns (can be customized) |
| Ingredient | TiO2 |
| Product Code | NCZ-AE-210 |
Titanium Disilicide TiSi2
Titanium Disilicide TiSi2 Nanoparticles
Nano Titanium Disilicide
| MF | TiSi2 |
| Chemical Name | Titanium Disilicide |
| Purity | ≥ 99% |
| APS | 50-100 nm, 1 to 5 um, 10 um, 325 Mesh (Size Customization possible) |
| Form | Gray Powder |
| Product Number | NCZ3248-20 |
| CAS Number | 12039-83-7 |
Note: We supply different products of microparticles and Nanoparticles powder in all sizes range according to the client’s requirements.
Titanium Disilicide Powder
Titanium disilicide (TiSi2) possesses various advantages including low electrical resistivity, high-temperature resistance, and good stability, etc. TiSi2 can be applied to a wide range of areas including microelectronics, aviation high-temperature-resistant materials, coating materials, etc. And it has become a research hotspot of relative areas.